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Description
Flashcards by DreamBig0927, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by DreamBig0927
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Sociological Perspective | Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context. |
| Society | People who share a culture and a territory. |
| Social Location | The group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society. |
| Sociology | The scientific study of society and human behavior. |
| Positivism | The application of the scientific approach to the social world. |
| Class Conflict | Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers. |
| Bourgeoisie | Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production. |
| Proletariat | Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production. |
| Patterns of Behavior | Recurring behaviors or events. |
| Basic(or pure) Sociology | Sociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups. |
| Applied Sociology | The use of sociology to solve problems-from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution. |
| Public Sociology | Applying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the sociological perspective(how things are related to one another) to guide politicians and policy makers. |
| Theory | A general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another. |
| Symbolic Interactionism | A theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another. |
| Functional Analysis | A theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism. |
| Conflict Theory | A theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources. |
| Macro-level analysis | An examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how Wall Street and the political establishment are interrelated. |
| Micro-level Analysis | An examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how the member of a group interact. |
| Social Interaction | One person's actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when they are in one another's presence, but also includes communications at a distance. |
| Nonverbal Interaction | Communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, and so on. |
| Hypothesis | A statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory. |
| Variable | A factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary(or change) from one case to another. |
| Operational Definition | The way in which a researcher measures a variable. |
| Research Method(or research design) | One of seven procedures that sociologists use to collect data: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis, analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures. |
| Validity | The extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure. |
| Reliability | The extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results. |
| Survey | The collection of data by having people answer a series of questions. |
| Population | A target group to be studied. |
| Sample | The individuals intended to represent the population to be studied. |
| Random Sample | A sample i which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study. |
| Stratified Random Sample | A sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in those subgroups has an equal chance of being included in the research. |
| Respondents | People who respond to a survey, either in interview or by self-administered questionnaires. |
| Closled-ended Questions | Questions that are followed by a list of possible answers to be selected by the respondent. |
| Open-ended Questions | Questions that respondents answer in their own words. |
| Rapport | A feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying. |
| Participant Observation(or fieldwork) | Research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting. |
| Case Study | An intensive analysis of a single event, situation, or individual. |
| Secondary Analysis | The analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers. |
| Documents | In its narrow sense, written sources that provide data; in its extended sense, archival material of any sort, including photographs, movies, CDs, DVDS, and so on. |
| Experiment | The use of control and experimental groups and dependent and independent variables to test causation. |
| Experimental Group | The group of subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable. |
| Control Group | The subjects in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable. |
| Independent Variable | A factor that causes a change in another variable, called the dependent variable. |
| Dependent Variable | A factor in an experiment that is changed by an independent variable. |
| Unobtrusive Measures | Ways of observing people so they do not know they are being studied. |
| Globalization of Capitalism | Capitalism(investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system. |
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