17311328
| Question | Answer |
| Causes of R axis deviation | RVH Left posterior fascicular block Pulmonary Embolism COPD Horizontal heart |
| Causes of L axis deviation | LVH LBBB L anterior fascicular block Inferior MI |
| Features of AF | No p waves Fibrillatory baseline (f waves) Irregularly irregular RR - QRS not equally spaced apart |
| AF associated with | Thyrotoxicosis Mitral valve disease Cardiac failure |
| Features of atrial flutter | No p waves sawtooth baseline Regular or irregular RR intervals depending on type of AV block Associated with cardiac failure, atrial surgery, mitral valve disorders |
| Prolonged PR interval >200ms 1:1 AR relationship | 1st AV block |
| What causes 1st AV block | beta blocker thiodiazem (CCB) |
| Progressive prolongation of PR interval followed by loss of AV conduction Group beating | 2nd AV block type I (physiologic) |
| Fixed PR interval Regular dropped AV conduction - sudden disappearance of QRS | 2nd AV block type II (pathological) |
| No r/s b/w P and QRS (atrial and ventricular having their own party) Regular PP & RR intervals Narrow QRS: ventricle depolarized via His-purkinje system Ventricular rhythm originate from the junction | Third degree AV block with junctional escape (complete heart block) |
| Broad QRS: ventricle depolarized by spread through myocardium ◦ QRS>120ms - ventricle not completely depolarised by His Purkinje system ◦ Can become ventricular standstill --> no pulse | Third degree AV block with ventricular escape (complete heart block) |
| Causes of RBBB | Benign Right hypertrophy Pulmonary embolism |
| Causes of LBBB | IHD Anterior MI AS Cardiomyopathy |
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