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Description
Flashcards by StudyBug14, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by StudyBug14
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| any object that exists in space | Celestial object |
| a celestial object that is made up of hot gases | star |
| a round celestial object that orbits around one or more stars | planet |
| when an object does a 360 degree turn on its axis | rotation |
| when an object rotates fully around another object | revolution |
| Three pieces of evidence showing the Earth is round | 1. Disappearing Ships 2. The Changing Sky 3. Earth's Curved Shadow |
| the first astronomers made observations ___ ago | 6000 years |
| the process of determining the location of a point by measuring two angles at either end of a fixed baseline | Triangulation |
| helps in triangulation by measuring the angle above the horizon | astrolabe |
| patterns of shapes people and animals in the sky |
constellation
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| light travels the distance of ____ in a year (light year) | 9.46 x 10^12 km |
| light travels at the speed of ____ | 3 x 10^5 km/s |
| brightness of a star seem from Earth | apparent magnitude |
| The North Star is also known as ____ | Polaris |
| the pointer stars are the ___ |
two stars on the end of the Big Dipper
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| all stars move slowly ____ throughout the year | westward |
| The earth's orbit around the Sun is ____ | elliptical |
| The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of ____ |
23.5 degrees
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| Higher concentration of sunlight warmer temperature | Hemisphere is facing TOWARDS the Sun |
| Lower concentration of sunlight Cooler temperature | hemisphere is facing AWAY from the Sun |
| The moon orbits the Earth in about ___ | 29.5 days |
| by the time it finishes to revolve around the earth, the moon spins ___ on its axis | once |
| the moon's _____ and ____ are the same | the moon's rotational period and orbit period are the same |
| the ____ of the Moon is always facing the Earth | The same portion of the Moon is always facing the Earth |
| phases if the Moon | 1. New Moon 2. Waxing Crescent 3. First Quarter 4. Waxing Gibbous 5. Full Moon 6. Waning Gibbous 7. Third Quarter 8. Waning Crescent |
| Waxing | increasing |
| Waning | decreasing |
| Gibbous | the amount of light we see between half-lit and fully-lit |
| Crescent | The amount of light we see is between half-lit and non-lit |
| When one celestial body passes directly in front if another | Eclipse |
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Lunar Eclipse
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the moon passes through the umbra of the Earth's shadow |
| Happens __ a year |
twice, because the moon's orbit is tilted
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Solar Eclipse
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The shadow of the Moon falls on the Earth's surface |
| The solar eclipse also occurs twice a year |
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| Caused by the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon | Tides |
| the moon pulls at everything on Earth but only water can move. |
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| why do we not see a solar eclipse every time the Moon is between the Sun and Earth? | You have to be in a specific place, usually a very remote place, to see the solar eclipse |
| Far more people have seen a lunar eclipse than a solar eclipse. Why? | You can see a lunar eclipse anywhere on Earth |
| The universe is defined as |
EVERYTHING!
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| the universe is ___ old | 13.8 billion years old |
| 1 AU is.... | the distance between the Earth and the Sun, 1.5 x 10^8 |
| Our solar system is comprised of |
the Sun and everything that orbits it
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| Planets are held in orbit by ... |
The Sun's gravitational pull
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| The Earth is moving about ___ | 30km/s |
| The first model of the solar system | Geocentric Model |
| The Geocentric Model states that __ is at the center and everything in the solar system orbits it | Earth is at the center, as displayed in the Geocentric Model |
| The model that stated that everything in the solar system orbits the Sun | Heliocentric Model |
| _____ developed the Heliocentric Theory in the ____ | Copernieus developed the Heliocentric Theory in the 1500's |
| A planet has to meet three criteria | 1. it must be round 2.., It must orbit a star 3. It must be large enough ( have enough gravitational pull) to clear it's orbit |
| an object that's made up of rocky materials, ice, and gas | comet |
| where does comets come from? | It comes from the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud |
| Why do their tails always point away from the Sun, regardless of it they're travelling towards or away from it? | The wind of the Sun causes the gases and particles of the comet to be pushed back, which forms a tail |
| piece of rock that's moving through space | Meteoroid |
| a meteoroid that hits Earth's atmosphere and burns up | Meteor |
| a meteoroid that passes through the Earth's atmosphere without getting totally burned | Meteorite |
| what are shooting stars really? | Meteors |
| Challenges of space travel | - distance - costly - need food and air for long trips - need protection from extreme heat and extreme cold |
| Two types of space exploration | -Humans - Instruments ( planetary orbiters, landers and satellites ) |
| Telescopes can detect.... | All telescopes detect electromagnetic radiation |
| Radiation is... | Waves that travel at the speed of light |
| Examples of radiation are... | Radio waves, light rays, rays |
| Optical telescopes can.. | detect visible light |
| The two types of optical telescopes are... | Refracting and Reflecting telescopes |
| Refracting telescopes uses... | A lens to collect light from an object |
| Reflecting telescopes uses... | a mirror to collect the light from an object |
| Non optical telescopes can... | Detect non visible radiation |
| Radio waves are able to... | go through clouds |
| you can use non optical telescopes on... | a cloudy day or at night time |
| Radio waves are ______________ on the receiver | collected and focused |
| A ___ amount of the radiation from space is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere | large |
| Telescopes are placed in ___ above the _____ | placed in space, above Earth's atmosphere |
| Pros about telescopes in space | - Can detect objects that re not otherwise visible from Earth - powered by solar energy |
| cons about telescopes | - very expensive and difficult to repair/ upgrade - difficult to point accurately at an object ( not anchored ) |
| Orbiters are .. | - launched into space to orbit a planet or a moon |
| Orbiters can ... | collect data and take pictures of celestial objects |
| cons about orbiters | sometimes orbiters malfunction come too close to the celestial object and burn up in the atmosphere |
| Landers are | planetary instruments that can't move around |
| Landers can.. | sample data from one specific location on a celestial object |
| Landers can only last for | a few months |
| Satellites are... | an artificial object or vehicle that orbits Earth, the moon, or other celestial bodies |
| satellites are ____ because | they are a important part of our daily lives because of weather reports, internet, radio and cell phones |
| a GPS stands for | Global Positioning system |
| a GPS is programmed in | all new smart phones |
| Remote - sensing satellites can... | complete i orbit of the earth every 90 minutes |
| Scientists use the remote sensing satellite to | study weather (meteorology) study the climate (climatology ) study the ocean (oceanology ) study of water (hydrology ) |
| Satellites that are located farther away from the Earth and takes 24 hours to orbit the earth are called ... | Geosynchronous Satellites |
| Geosynchronous Satellites are used to... | broadcast television programs and satellite radios |
| The most important celestial object for life on earth is | The Sun |
| The Solar System was formed from ... | Gravity that set gases and dust particles into motion forming a young star called a protostar - particles gather as the spinning cloud and start joining together - Rocks and dust that didn't fall into the Sun collided with each other to forn the planets |
| The Solar System was also formed from ... | collisions are common among spinning nnebulas - nebula forms rocky lumps called planetesimals - if planetesimals can survive collisions they form planets |
| Where did the Sun come from? | Solar Nebula theory - describes how stars and planets form from contracting, spinning disks of gas and dust - nebula collapse and contract compressing gases and increasing the temperature -nebula fission begins |
| What is the Sun composed of? | 75% hydrogen 25% helium - small amounts of other gases |
| Nuclear fission is ... | Energy production that is a result of hydrogen atoms combining to form helium -nuclear reaction |
| When the Sun grows, .... | Helium settles in the Sun's core because it is more dense than hydrogen - Region of hydrogen around the core grow larger - the sun is 30% larger today than when it was a protostar, 5 billion years ago |
| The sun's lifespan is | 10 billion years |
| Features of the Sun | -photosphere: the surface layer of the sun, which is 6000 degrees Celsius - sunspots: are of strong magnetic fields on the photosphere, cooler than the photosphere ( 4ooo degrees), occurs in 22 year cycles, peaking in numbers ever 11 years |
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