Infant Development

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Flashcards on Infant Development, created by erinkline on 08/12/2014.
erinkline
Flashcards by erinkline, updated more than 1 year ago
erinkline
Created by erinkline almost 10 years ago
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Question Answer
2 major phases of language development: (1) Prelinguistic and (2) Linguistic
Cooing development 1-3 months
Babbling timing 3-4months --> 9 months
Babies are native babblers by: 6 months
Turn taking in communication is developed around 7 months
infants use intentional gestures around 8-10 months
first words are spoken around 10-14mo (average of 12mo)
holophrase period (one word) occurs around 12-18mo
telegraphic speech (two word phrases) occurs around 18-24mo
full sentences are spoken around 24-36mo
infants can be sufficient at signing around __ months 18 months
infants can start using symbolic gestures around ___months if parents have consistently shown the infant signing 8 months
2 views for how children develop language empiricist and nativist
Empiricist view of how children develop language (2) -learn language spoken around them, through modeling and reinforcement; recasting and expansion
recasting when parent repeats what child said in grammatically correct form
expansion :the parent expands on what the infant says
Nativist view of language development -universal progression through language -innate ability for language
statistical language learning babies figure out which phonemes go together most frequently so that they can split up streams of speech and determine what phonemes go together to make word
-Infant directed speech words directed at the baby that are higher pitched, slower
(Theissen et al) Statistical Language Learning main finding babies are more likely to recognize new words when used in infant directed speech
-infant directed speech helps babies to (3) (1) pay attention, (2) to be more interested , (3) helps them to determine what is an actual word within a stream of speech
(Zimmerman et al) Media exposure and language development in children under age 2 research question and main finding -RQ: is there an association between the amount/type of T.V. and children’s vocab? *younger infants who watched more baby DVDs correlated with lower language scores
Deloache article (language and baby DVDs) main findings (2) *Babies learned best from parent teaching without DVD *infant watching interactive DVD by itself was no different than control group who did nothing
Deloache article possible explanations of lower language scores for babies who watched DVDs (3) (1) babies with lower language development may watch more DVDs, (2) DVDs may cause poor language development, (3) third variable
Four primary emotions Happiness, Anger, Fear, Sadness
Fear occurs around ___months, and is connected to development in which area? 6 months, connected with motor development
Sadness is developed around __-__ months and is exhibited through 2-3 months, emotional distress
Anger is exhibited around ___months, and it is shown through 2 months, getting frustrated
The social smile occurs around __-__ weeks 6-8 weeks
laughing occurs around ___ months 3 months
Smiling and laughing are used as a social tool around ___ months 6 months
Secondary emotions Emerge around ___-___ months 18-36 months
Secondary emotions include (4) Embarrassment, Pride, Guilt, Shame
Embarrassment emerges around ___months when? 18 months, shown as reaction to others looking at them, realizing they did something silly/wrong, coy smile
-Pride/Guilt/Shame arises around ? 2-3 years
shame interpersonal; breaking someone’s expectations
guilt feeling of responsibility or remorse for bad behavior
Co-regulation relying on the parent to know how to handle their emotions; use co-regulation before they are able to self-regulate
Intrinsic factors of self-control of emotions (4) (1) infant’s temperament, (2) attention, (3) effortful control, (4) executive control
Primary extrinsic factor of self-control of emotion regulation co-regulation
Fox: Self-Control of Emotions (2003) Looked at development of self-control and how intrinsic/extrinsic factors help with it
(Keller) differences between interdependent and independent samples' self-recognition and self-regulation (3) Interdependent sample: (1) almost none passed self-recognition task, (2) complied with do-requests far more, (3) had more internal regulation
Ecological self the self that is effective within the environment
Interpersonal self when infants realize they can be effective in eliciting behaviors and interaction from others
babies can express self-recognition around 18 months
Face to face interactions helps infants to develop (4) (1) Predictable interactions, (2) sense of trust about those interactions, (3) sense of self-regulation;(4) turn taking
dyadic synchrony matching of emotions, intensity, coordinated timing in interactions
Still face paradigm examined (4) (1) Attempts that infants made to reengage, (2) Gaze Aversion, (3) Fussiness, (4) Reengagement
A more responsive parent results in (2) (1) better heart rate regulation, (2) better regulation of negative affect
Infant still face behavior (at 6 months) predicts later (3) (1) attachment at 12 months, (2) externalizing and internalizing behavior at 18 months, (3) behavior problems at 18 months
No smiling at 6 months predicts later ____ at 18-36 months higher externalizing behavior at 18 and 36 months
-No crying at 6 months predicts _______ at 18-36 months lower internalizing behaviors at 18 and 36 months
indiscriminate sociability occurs around pre-attatchment, 0-2 months
Discriminating sociability and when it occurs attachment in the making, 2-7 months
specific attachment shift from just responding to what others are doing to actually initiating; occurs around 7-9 months
Directed attachment behaviors (what they include and when they occur) proximity seeking, contact seeking, affective sharing, secure base behavior; 7-24 months
multiple attachments occurs around 9-18 months
Goal-corrected partnerships, and when they occur reciprocal relationships; 24+ months
Best predictor of later personality development interaction between parenting and the infant’s temperament
Scaffolding helping children to build up skills little by little with physical and emotional support
(Williams) infants between the age of 12-17 mo engage in what type of interactions the most? object related behavior
(Karter) Early Prosocial behavior examining infants in Berlin and Dehli findings (2) (1) correlation between mirror self recognition and prosocial behavior for Berlin sample; (2) Dehli toddlers engaged in situational helping and prosocial behavior
Pathways to prosocial behavior may be ___________ culture specific
(Van der Mark) Empathy in girls findings (3) (1) empathy for mothers increased from 16-22mo; (2) empathy for experimenter decreased from 16-22mo; (3) higher fearfulness at 16mo was associated with less empathy for experimenter at 22 mo
(DiBiase) Temperament and embarrassment primary findings (2) parental report correlated with embarrassment at 5 months and not at 13 months; low heart rate variability showed more embarrassment at 5 months
(Colonnesi) Coy Smiles; Babies elicit more coy smiles when (3) (1) in the presence of a stranger; (2) in the presence of the father; (3) when they can see their own reflection
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