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Description
Flashcards by C.J. South, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by C.J. South
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| transmittable diseases are called | Infectious diseases |
| % of deaths caused world wide by diseases | 25 |
| Disease death % in developed countries | 1% |
| Disease death % in developing countries | 46% |
| Greatest killing diesease in history of mankind | smallpox |
| Seven greatest killing diseases in history | #1 Smallpox plague tuberculosis Flu Typhoid cholera Malaria |
| Seven deadly diseases of modern time | #1 tuberculosis AIDS Measles Hepatitis B Respiratory Disease Diarrhea Disease Malaria |
| Disease affecting a large population | Epidemic |
| An epidemic that spreads | Pandemic |
| A disease-producing agent is called | pathogen |
| When Illness is cause by a pathogen, it's labeled | Infection |
| Major Types of Pathogens | #1 Bacteria #2 Viruses Rickettsia Fungus Protazoa Parasitic worms prions |
| Major Bacterial Diseases: | Cholera Plague Syphilis Tetanus Pneumonia Tuberculosis |
| Diseased caused by YERSINA PESTIS | Plague |
| Disease caused by ANIMAL VECTORS are | Xoonotic diseases |
| Anything that caries a disease is a | Vectors |
| Hansen's disease is better known as | Leprosy |
| Leprosy effects how many people | 20 million |
| Tuberculosis is also known as | Consumption or White Plague |
| Clostridium has toxins which cause | botulism and tetanus |
| Number of people that die from diarrhea disease every year | 3 million |
| 2 Major diarrhea diseases | Cholera & Dysentary |
| The leading infectious disease in the world | H. Pylori (causes Ulcers) |
| Sexually transmited disease caused by Treponema pallidum | Syphilis |
| causes blindness in 2 million people every year | Chlamydia |
| Most common type of bacteria | Streptococcus |
| Treptococcus mutans is found on | Teeth (causes cavities) |
| Who said bacteria causes diseases? & when? | Louis pasteur. 1870 |
| "Bacteria causes infections" was universally excepted when? | 1900's |
| First treatments against bacterial diseases | Sulfa drugs |
| Antibiotics appeared when? | 1940's |
| Major viral diseases | AIDS Colds Hepatitis Herpes Influenza Measles |
| One of the Most easily spread infections | Measles |
| Shingles is caused by which virus? | Smallpox |
| Hepatitis B kills how many each year? | 1 million |
| The body's immune response against viruses | Interferon |
| Viruses causing the common cold are called? | Rhinovirus |
| This disease was called the american plague | Yellow fever |
| AIDS stands for? | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
| HIV stands for? | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| AIDS kills how many each year | 3 million |
| Total AIDS victims so far? | 35 million |
| 65% of current AIDS victims are where? | Africa |
| HIV attacks these blood cells | T-Cells |
| Most effective weapon against viruses is? | Vaccination |
| this treatment DOES NOT work against viruses | Antibiotics |
| Most effective way to prevent the spread of viruses | Handwashing |
| This pathogen resembles a bacteria but produces like a Virus | Rickettsia |
| Rickettsia has a very strong resemblance to our | Mitochondria |
| Best known ricketsia diseases | Typhus & Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Mycology = | The study of fungi |
| 2 common fungal diseases | Athletes Foot & Ringworm |
| This is usually caused by fungus | Dandruff |
| Major Protozoan Diseases | Dysentery & Malaria |
| Best known protozoan pathogen which causes Malaria | Plasmodium |
| This is transmitted by contaminated water | Amoebic Dysentery |
| Dysentery in Mexico, "travelers disease", is also called | Montezuma's Revenge |
| Name 3 parasitic worms | Tapeworm Ringworm Leeches |
| Swelling of the lymphatic tissue | Elephantiasis |
| This pathogen was discovered in the 1990's | Prions |
| Prion = | Proteinaceous Infectious |
| 2 major prion diseases are | Cruetzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) Mad Cow Disease |
| Prions are mutated | Protiens |
| Mad cow disease = | Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) |
| The prion disease known as KURU was find in | Cannibals |
| BSE is spread through the consumption of what? | Infected Meat |
| Interacting individuals of species in a specific area at the same time | Population |
| the area where a population lives | habitat |
| network of different populations living together | community |
| Communities interacting with each other and the environment | ecosystem |
| living components | Biotic |
| non-living components | Abiotic |
| Role a species plays in the ecosystem | Niche |
| A species found usually in a specific habitat | Native |
| Non-native and harmful. Also called | Invasive |
| Introduced purposely | Exotic |
| Introduced by accident | Alien |
| Examples of non-native species introduced | Starling Fire Ant Kudzu Mongoose Zebra Mussels Cane Toads |
| Shows effects of change in ecosystem. (i.e frogs) | Indicator species |
| Central role in ecosystem | Keystone species |
| Examples of Keystone species | Alligators Saguaro Cactus Sea Otters |
| Organisms that make their own food | Autotrophs |
| General plant eaters | Herbivores |
| leaf eaters | Foliovores |
| meat eaters | Carnivores |
| Insect eaters | Insectivores |
| Fish eaters | Piscivores |
| plant and animal eaters | Omnivores |
| Feed on dead organisms | Detrivores |
| The number of different chemical defenses known in nature? (mostly in plants) | 10,000 |
| Blending in with the background | Camouflage |
| A species appears similar to others | Mimicry |
| This type of warning usualy comes in BLACK and YELLOW | Warning Coloration |
| Warning Coloration appears in which colors the most? | Black & Yellow |
| Unique relationship between 2 different species | Symbiosis |
| Symbiosis: Both species benefit | Mutualism |
| Symbiosis: One species benefits, other is unaffected | Commensalism |
| Symbiosis: One species benefits, one species harmed | Parasitism |
| A population of a species, or all of a species is no longer found | Extinct |
| Since 1600, what % of extinctions were directly due to man? | 75% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: Birds | 11% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: Reptiles | 20% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: mammals | 27% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: plants | 13% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: amphibians | 25% |
| % Currently at risk of extinction: Fish | 38% |
| Human extinction/endangerment case studies | Passenger pigeon Buffalo Whales Smallpox |
| Wrote the book "Silent Spring" and was considered the first environmentalist | Rachel Carson |
| How organisms interact with each other and with environment | Ecology |
| All of the earths ecosystems. The Global ecosystem | Biosphere |
| Two major types of ecosystems | Water & Land |
| Where salt water and fresh water come together | Estuary (on test) |
| Terrestrial Ecosystems are defined by | Climate & Organisms |
| Organisms defining an ecosystem are usually | Plants |
| 7 Principle BIOMES | Tropical Rainforest Savannas Desserts Temperate grasslands Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Tundra |
| Permanent frozen ground | Permafrost |
| Tundra is made of | Dead Plants and animals |
| 5 Primary Biogeochemical cycles: | Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfer |
| We are creating too much of this for the earth to handle | CO2 (carbon dioxide) & CH4 (Methane) |
| Sulfur combining with water vapor to create sulferic acid | Acid Rain |
| Any substance in excess that is harmful to living organisms | Pollution |
| Major air pollutants: | Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead |
| Carbon Monoxide= | CO |
| Nitrogen dioxide | NO2 |
| Elimination of this was a rare success story | Lead |
| Acid rain is also called | Acid Deposition |
| Acid rain occurs when PH is below | 4.0 |
| #1 problem facing man | Climate change |
| Insulation blanket of the earth | Greenhouse Effect |
| Major greenhouse Gases | Methane Carbon Dioxide |
| How much stronger is methane than CO2 | 23x |
| Humans produce what % more methane than all natural sources | 150% |
| % of current global methane emissions are tied to human activity | 60% |
| This Biome is a major source of methane gas | Arctic Tundra |
| How much more methane gas is trapped in ice and the ocean than the atmoshpere | 3,000x |
| The year temperature started being recorded | 1861 |
| Circulation of oceanic water is called the | Ocean Belt |
| Consequence of global warming is | Ice Age |
| Ozone= | O3 |
| What % of harmful rays does ozone block? | 95% |
| The "Dream Chemical" | Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Also know as FREON |
| Can convert 100,000 ozone molecules to oxygen | 1 Atom of Chlorine |
| Effects of lower ozone level on humans | Cataracts Sunburns Skin Cancer Immune Suppression |
| % of water that is fresh water | 3% |
| How much of our fresh water is trapped in Glaciers | 2/3 |
| Areas where ground water flows | Aquifers |
| % of people in US that depend on groundwater for drinking water | 60% |
| #1 use of freshwater | Toilet flush |
| River so polluted that it caught on fire | Cuyahoga River |
| Major types of water pollution: | Infectious Agents Inorganic Chemicals Organic Chemicals Plant Nutrients |
| Examples of: Infectious Agents | Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa |
| Examples of: Inorganic Chemicals | Acids Heavy Metals Salts |
| Examples of: Organic Chemicals | Oil plastics solvents pesticides |
| Examples of: Plant Nutrients | Nitrates Phosphorous |
| Accumulation of toxins in food chain | Bio-Magnification |
| Process when water has high concentration of nutrients | Eutrophication |
| Algae Bloom | Eutrophication |
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