BIOLOGY FINAL

Question	Answer
RIBOSOMES ARE MADE OF	PROTEIN & RNA
MOLECULE "UUA" IS A:	tRNA
ANTICODON FOR METHIONE	AUG
CAUSE(S) OF MUTATION	DNA REPLICATION ERROR, EXTERNAL AGENTS, & MELOTIC ERROR
WHEN A BASE IS INSERTED/DELETED IN A MULTIPLE OTHER THAN 3, IT CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE	FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
A MUTATION THAT OCCURS AT THE 3RD CODONE MAY HAVE NO EFFECT BECAUSE OF THE:	WOBBLE EFFECT
A MUTATION THAT IS A CHANGE IN A SINGLE BASE IS:	POINT MUTATION
IN EUKARYOTES, WHEN A PROTEIN IS MADE UP OF mRNA IS THE RESULT FROM WHEN THE GENE IS MADE UP OF:	EXONS BECAUSE INTRONS HAVE BEEN REMOVED
ORGANISMS THAT HAVE GENETIC MATERIAL FROM ANOTHER ORGANISM SPLICED INTO ITS OWN	TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
HERITABLE MUTATIONS OCCUR IN:	GERMIME aka SPERMATOCYTES & DOCYTES
WHICH CHROMOSOMES PLAY THE LARGEST ROLE IN SEX DETERMINATION?	Y
SEX LINKED GENES ARE LOCATED ON?	X OR Y CHROMOSOMES
ON AN X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDER WHO IS MOST LIKELY TO EXHIBIT SYMPTOMS?	MALES
X-INACTIVATION IS SEEN IN:	FEMALES
GENES MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE ENVIROMENT	TRUE
FOR ALL ORGANISMS "XY" MEANS IT IS MALE	FALSE
HUMANS HAVE HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES?	23
AUTOSOMES/SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:	ALL TRAITS EXCEPT SEX
LINKED GENES BEHAVE LIKE ANY OTHER GENE COUPLE IN TERMS OF INHERITANCE.	FALSE THEY DO NOT.
IN ORDER TO EXPRESS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISEASE THAT IS LETHAL, WHAT MUST HAPPEN?	BOTH PARENTS MUST BE HETEROZYGOTIC
WHEN THERE IS A HETEROZYGOTE PHENOTYPE THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM A HOMOZYGOTE VERSION	INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
WHICH ALLELE REPRESENTATION IS A DOMINANT HOMOZYGOTE, HETEOZYGOTE.	AABb
TRAITS THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY MULTIPLE GENES	POLYGENIC
X-LINKED DISORDER TYPICALLY IS FOUND IN	MALES
"CCGGCCGGCAAAUCCC" IS:	mRNA
CGC IS	tRNA
TRANSCRIPTION	CHANGE FROM DNA TO mRNA
3 STEPS OF TRANSLATION	INITIATION, ELONGATION, TERMINATION
ANTICODONS	THE BASES FOUND IN tRNA
ALLELES	DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE SAME GENES
THE MOST COMMON TRAIT IN A POPULATION IS THE DOMINANT FORM	FALSE
THE ACTUAL CODING OF TRAITS IS CALLED	GENOTYPE
THE PHYSICAL EXPRESSION OF GENES IS CALLED	PHENOTYPE
THE LAW OF SEGREGATION	ALLELES WILL MOVE APART DURING GAMETE FORMATION
THE LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT	ALLELES OF DIFFERENT GENES MOVE INTO GAMETES W/O AFFECTING EACH OTHER IN POSITION
WHEN 2 DOMINANT ALLELES ARE BOTH EXPRESSED	CO-DOMINANCE
THE NEGATIVE AFFECTS OF INBREEDING MAY MANIFEST BECAUSE INBREEDING ERROR TENDS TO BE A:	RECESSIVE DISORDER
IN BACTERIUM THE REGION OF DNA THAT CAN REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION BY HAVING A REPRESSOR BIND TO	THE OPERATOR
IN BACTERIUM THE REGION OF DNA WHERE THE RNA POLYMERASE BINDS IS	THE PROMOTER
IN LAC OPERATION THE SIGNAL MOLECULE THAT BINDS WITH THE REPRESSOR IS	LACTASE
MEOSIS OCCURS IN;	YOUR TESTIES OR OVARIES
SOMATIC CELLS ARE	NON SEXUAL CELLS
CELLS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED TO PRODUCE GAMETES	GERM CELLS
HUMAN GAMETES HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES?	23
HUMAN ZYGOTE HAS HOW MAN CHROMOSOMES?	46
ALTERNATION OF GENERATION OCCURS IN?	PLANTS
WHEN DOES CROSSING OVER OCCUR?	PROPHASE 1
CROSSING OVER PROVIDES	GENETIC DIVERSITY
THE OTHER SOURCES OF FENETIC DIVERSITY IN GAMETES IS PRODUCED BY?	INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
FRATERNAL TWINS COME FROM	TWO DIFFERENT ZYGOTES
MUTATION THAT OCCURS WHEN A CHROMOSOME LOOSES ONE OR MORE GENES IS KNOWN AS?	DELETION
GERM CELLS THAT PRODUCE SPERM CELLS ARE KNOWN AS?	SPERMATAGONIA
DURING MEIOSIS DNA REPLICATES DURING	S PHASE
GAMETES FUSE TO FORM	ZYGOTES
ORGANISMS HAVE SEX TO	PRODUCE GENETICALLY DIVERSE OFFSPRING
DNA IS SYNTHESIZED DURING	S PHASE
CHROMOSOMES LINES UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL	METAPHASE
CHROMOSOMES PULL TO OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL	ANAPHASE
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DISSOLVES DURING	S PHASE
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REFORMS DURING	TELOPHASE
THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM AND THE CELL IS	CYTOKENESIS
ALL CELL TYPES CYCLE THROUGH THE CELL CYCLE MANY TIMES	FALSE
THE CELL SPENDS MOST OF ITS LIFE IN	INTERPHASE
CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF	PROTEINS AND DNA
HUMAN DIPLOID CELLS HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES	46
HUMAN HAPLOID CELLS HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES?	23
SPERM CELLS ARE EXAMPLES OF	HAPLOID CELLS
AN INDIVIDUAL WITH THE XY SEX CHROMOSOMES IS	MALE
WHERE ARE HAPLOID CELLS PRODUCED	OVARIES
THE TIPS OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES THAT HELP CONTROL HOW MANY TIMES A CELL MAY DIVIDE	TELOMETERS
UNCONTROLLED CELL GROWTH	CANCED
APOPTOSIS	PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
ABNORMAL VARIANT OF GENES THAT NORMALLY CONTROL CELL DIVISION	ONCOGENES
THE LOCATION/TIME PERIODS ON THE CELL CYCLE WHERE THE CELL REGULATES AND VERIFIES PROPER FUNCTIONS	CHECKPOINTS
DEAD GUYS OF IMPORTANT WHO DISCOVERED THE STRUCTURE OF DNA	WATSON AND CRICK
DNA MUST BE UNWOUND IN ORDER TO BE REPLICATED, THE ENZYME THAT DOES THIS IS	HELICATE
DNA ENCODES FOR	PROTEINS
DNA POLYMERASE MAY ONLY REPLICATE FROM 3 TO 5 END, THEREFOR EACH OF THE SIDES OF DNA MUST BE REPLICATED DISCONTINUOUSLY. THE CHUNKS THAT ARE REPLICATED AND THEN JOINED TOGETHER ARE CALLED	OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS
ABILITY TO AMPLIFY DNA SAMPLES WAS INVENTED BECAUSE	THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FOUND IN HOT SPRING
DNA PROFILING WORKS BY USING RESTRICTION ENZYMES; THESE ENZYMES DO WHAT?	CUT DNA AT A PARTICULAR NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
IN ORDER TO SEQUENCE DNA WE NEED TO USE WHAT?	TERMINATOR NUCLEOTIDE TO CREATE DIFFERENT LENGHTS OF DNA
DNA REPLICATION OCCURS IN	THE NUCLEUS
MOST OF OUR DNA HAS NO KNOWN FUNCTION	TRUE
GENETIC MATERIAL IS	DNA
ERROR DURING DNA REPLICATION	MUTATION
ELECTROPHORESIS GEL	DNA TRAVELS THROUGH THE GEL AND IS SEQUENCED. THE LARGER FRAGMENTS MOVE SLOWER AND THEREFOR ARE ON THE BOTTOM OF THE GELL
MICROARRAY METHOD	ANOTHER WAY TO SEQUENCE DNA; MUCH FASTER THAN GEL
WHICH ENZYME HAS PROOF READING FUNCTION IN ORDER TO REDUCE REPLICATION ERRORS	DNA POLYMERASE
NUCLEOTIDES OD DNA ARE COMPLIMENTARY WHICH MEANS	FOR EVERY PURINE BASE THERE IS AN EQUAL AMOUNT OF PYRIMADINE BASES (A & G TO T &C)

RIBOSOMES ARE MADE OF

PROTEIN & RNA

MOLECULE "UUA" IS A:

tRNA

ANTICODON FOR METHIONE

AUG

CAUSE(S) OF MUTATION

DNA REPLICATION ERROR, EXTERNAL AGENTS, & MELOTIC ERROR

WHEN A BASE IS INSERTED/DELETED IN A MULTIPLE OTHER THAN 3, IT CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

A MUTATION THAT OCCURS AT THE 3RD CODONE MAY HAVE NO EFFECT BECAUSE OF THE:

WOBBLE EFFECT

A MUTATION THAT IS A CHANGE IN A SINGLE BASE IS:

POINT MUTATION

IN EUKARYOTES, WHEN A PROTEIN IS MADE UP OF mRNA IS THE RESULT FROM WHEN THE GENE IS MADE UP OF:

EXONS BECAUSE INTRONS HAVE BEEN REMOVED

ORGANISMS THAT HAVE GENETIC MATERIAL FROM ANOTHER ORGANISM SPLICED INTO ITS OWN

TRANSGENIC ORGANISM

HERITABLE MUTATIONS OCCUR IN:

GERMIME aka SPERMATOCYTES & DOCYTES

WHICH CHROMOSOMES PLAY THE LARGEST ROLE IN SEX DETERMINATION?

Y

SEX LINKED GENES ARE LOCATED ON?

X OR Y CHROMOSOMES

ON AN X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDER WHO IS MOST LIKELY TO EXHIBIT SYMPTOMS?

MALES

X-INACTIVATION IS SEEN IN:

FEMALES

GENES MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE ENVIROMENT

TRUE

FOR ALL ORGANISMS "XY" MEANS IT IS MALE

FALSE

HUMANS HAVE HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES?

23

AUTOSOMES/SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:

ALL TRAITS EXCEPT SEX

LINKED GENES BEHAVE LIKE ANY OTHER GENE COUPLE IN TERMS OF INHERITANCE.

FALSE THEY DO NOT.

IN ORDER TO EXPRESS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISEASE THAT IS LETHAL, WHAT MUST HAPPEN?

BOTH PARENTS MUST BE HETEROZYGOTIC

WHEN THERE IS A HETEROZYGOTE PHENOTYPE THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM A HOMOZYGOTE VERSION

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

WHICH ALLELE REPRESENTATION IS A DOMINANT HOMOZYGOTE, HETEOZYGOTE.

AABb

TRAITS THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY MULTIPLE GENES

POLYGENIC

X-LINKED DISORDER TYPICALLY IS FOUND IN

MALES

"CCGGCCGGCAAAUCCC" IS:

mRNA

CGC IS

tRNA

TRANSCRIPTION

CHANGE FROM DNA TO mRNA

3 STEPS OF TRANSLATION

INITIATION, ELONGATION, TERMINATION

ANTICODONS

THE BASES FOUND IN tRNA

ALLELES

DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE SAME GENES

THE MOST COMMON TRAIT IN A POPULATION IS THE DOMINANT FORM

FALSE

THE ACTUAL CODING OF TRAITS IS CALLED

GENOTYPE

THE PHYSICAL EXPRESSION OF GENES IS CALLED

PHENOTYPE

THE LAW OF SEGREGATION

ALLELES WILL MOVE APART DURING GAMETE FORMATION

THE LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

ALLELES OF DIFFERENT GENES MOVE INTO GAMETES W/O AFFECTING EACH OTHER IN POSITION

WHEN 2 DOMINANT ALLELES ARE BOTH EXPRESSED

CO-DOMINANCE

THE NEGATIVE AFFECTS OF INBREEDING MAY MANIFEST BECAUSE INBREEDING ERROR TENDS TO BE A:

RECESSIVE DISORDER

IN BACTERIUM THE REGION OF DNA THAT CAN REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION BY HAVING A REPRESSOR BIND TO

THE OPERATOR

IN BACTERIUM THE REGION OF DNA WHERE THE RNA POLYMERASE BINDS IS

THE PROMOTER

IN LAC OPERATION THE SIGNAL MOLECULE THAT BINDS WITH THE REPRESSOR IS

LACTASE

MEOSIS OCCURS IN;

YOUR TESTIES OR OVARIES

SOMATIC CELLS ARE

NON SEXUAL CELLS

CELLS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED TO PRODUCE GAMETES

GERM CELLS

HUMAN GAMETES HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES?

23

HUMAN ZYGOTE HAS HOW MAN CHROMOSOMES?

46

ALTERNATION OF GENERATION OCCURS IN?

PLANTS

WHEN DOES CROSSING OVER OCCUR?

PROPHASE 1

CROSSING OVER PROVIDES

GENETIC DIVERSITY

THE OTHER SOURCES OF FENETIC DIVERSITY IN GAMETES IS PRODUCED BY?

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

FRATERNAL TWINS COME FROM

TWO DIFFERENT ZYGOTES

MUTATION THAT OCCURS WHEN A CHROMOSOME LOOSES ONE OR MORE GENES IS KNOWN AS?

DELETION

GERM CELLS THAT PRODUCE SPERM CELLS ARE KNOWN AS?

SPERMATAGONIA

DURING MEIOSIS DNA REPLICATES DURING

S PHASE

GAMETES FUSE TO FORM

ZYGOTES

ORGANISMS HAVE SEX TO

PRODUCE GENETICALLY DIVERSE OFFSPRING

DNA IS SYNTHESIZED DURING

S PHASE

CHROMOSOMES LINES UP IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL

METAPHASE

CHROMOSOMES PULL TO OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL

ANAPHASE

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DISSOLVES DURING

S PHASE

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REFORMS DURING

TELOPHASE

THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM AND THE CELL IS

CYTOKENESIS

ALL CELL TYPES CYCLE THROUGH THE CELL CYCLE MANY TIMES

FALSE

THE CELL SPENDS MOST OF ITS LIFE IN

INTERPHASE

CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF

PROTEINS AND DNA

HUMAN DIPLOID CELLS HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES

46

HUMAN HAPLOID CELLS HAVE HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES?

23

SPERM CELLS ARE EXAMPLES OF

HAPLOID CELLS

AN INDIVIDUAL WITH THE XY SEX CHROMOSOMES IS

MALE

WHERE ARE HAPLOID CELLS PRODUCED

OVARIES

THE TIPS OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES THAT HELP CONTROL HOW MANY TIMES A CELL MAY DIVIDE

TELOMETERS

UNCONTROLLED CELL GROWTH

CANCED

APOPTOSIS

PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

ABNORMAL VARIANT OF GENES THAT NORMALLY CONTROL CELL DIVISION

ONCOGENES

THE LOCATION/TIME PERIODS ON THE CELL CYCLE WHERE THE CELL REGULATES AND VERIFIES PROPER FUNCTIONS

CHECKPOINTS

DEAD GUYS OF IMPORTANT WHO DISCOVERED THE STRUCTURE OF DNA

WATSON AND CRICK

DNA MUST BE UNWOUND IN ORDER TO BE REPLICATED, THE ENZYME THAT DOES THIS IS

HELICATE

DNA ENCODES FOR

PROTEINS

DNA POLYMERASE MAY ONLY REPLICATE FROM 3 TO 5 END, THEREFOR EACH OF THE SIDES OF DNA MUST BE REPLICATED DISCONTINUOUSLY. THE CHUNKS THAT ARE REPLICATED AND THEN JOINED TOGETHER ARE CALLED

OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS

ABILITY TO AMPLIFY DNA SAMPLES WAS INVENTED BECAUSE

THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FOUND IN HOT SPRING

DNA PROFILING WORKS BY USING RESTRICTION ENZYMES; THESE ENZYMES DO WHAT?

CUT DNA AT A PARTICULAR NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE

IN ORDER TO SEQUENCE DNA WE NEED TO USE WHAT?

TERMINATOR NUCLEOTIDE TO CREATE DIFFERENT LENGHTS OF DNA

DNA REPLICATION OCCURS IN

THE NUCLEUS

MOST OF OUR DNA HAS NO KNOWN FUNCTION

TRUE

GENETIC MATERIAL IS

DNA

ERROR DURING DNA REPLICATION

MUTATION

ELECTROPHORESIS GEL

DNA TRAVELS THROUGH THE GEL AND IS SEQUENCED. THE LARGER FRAGMENTS MOVE SLOWER AND THEREFOR ARE ON THE BOTTOM OF THE GELL

MICROARRAY METHOD

ANOTHER WAY TO SEQUENCE DNA; MUCH FASTER THAN GEL

WHICH ENZYME HAS PROOF READING FUNCTION IN ORDER TO REDUCE REPLICATION ERRORS

DNA POLYMERASE

NUCLEOTIDES OD DNA ARE COMPLIMENTARY WHICH MEANS

FOR EVERY PURINE BASE THERE IS AN EQUAL AMOUNT OF PYRIMADINE BASES (A & G TO T &C)

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	Created by Daniela Larez almost 10 years ago