Biology 4.1.1 Plant/animal defenses and resposes to pathogens

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A level Biology (4.1.1 Diseases) Flashcards on Biology 4.1.1 Plant/animal defenses and resposes to pathogens, created by Sam Gunnell on 02/06/2019.
Sam Gunnell
Flashcards by Sam Gunnell, updated more than 1 year ago
Sam Gunnell
Created by Sam Gunnell over 5 years ago
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Question Answer
Give three physical defences that plants have against pathogens -Waxy cuticle -Cellulose cell wall -Stomatal closure
How does the waxy cuticle prevent the entry of pathogens? Prevents water collecting on the surface of the leaf and that water can contain pathogens
How does the cellulose cell wall prevent the entry of pathogens? Physical barrier
Give two chemical defences that plants have against pathogens -Defensive proteins effect the proteins in the pathogens membrane -Some alkaloids (eg cocaine) can inhibit protein synthesis
Give three defences animals have against diseases -Lysosomes in saliva -Skin acts as a barrier -Goblet cells produce mucus that cover epithelial cells in lungs
What is sebum? Where is it produced? An oily substance that prevents the growth of pathogens Produced in skin
Describe the wound repair response from being cut to how new skin is formed Blood clots at wound to prevent the entry of microbes. The clot dries and forms a scab. Collagen is deposited under the scab and stem cells in the endodermis undergo mitosis to produce new skin cells
What does histamine do? Causes vasodilation, making capillaries more permeable to white blood cells and proteins
What do cytokines do? Attract phagocytes to the effected area. They can remove pathogens by phagocytosis
What causes a fever? Why is temperature increased? Cytokines increase your body temperature because higher temperatures inhibit pathogen reproduction and the immune system works better at higher temperatures
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