Question | Answer |
Rift Valley | A valley formed where two pieces of a continent pull apart. (Divergent plate boundary) |
Sea floor spreading | Occurs at divergent plate boundary. New magma creates new sea floor and pushes old floor away |
Mid-ocean ridge | A ridge that is formed by magma at a divergent plate boundary. |
Subduction | When two plates converge and one (the less dense one) goes under the other. |
Slab Pull | A subducting plate will pull the rest of its plate under with it |
Volcanic Arcs | Volcanic arcs occur above a subduction zone where hot magma from the melting plate rises to the surface |
Hot Spot | Hot magma punched through the crust |
Earthquake | Caused by friction of plates running together |
Lithification | The process which sediments undergo to become a rock. They are compacted and cemented. |
Compaction | Sediments are squished by the weight of the sediments on top of them |
Cementation | Sediments being glued together |
Pressure | Underground there is lots of pressure because of the layers of rock |
Metamorphism | The act of a protolith undergoing heat and pressure to become a metamorphic rock. |
Cleavage | The tendency for minerals to break on a certain plane |
Organic Sedimentary Rock | A rock formed of organic materials |
Clastic Sedimentary Rock | A rock made of sediments of other rocks |
Erosion | Always preceded by uplifting |
Mafic | Rocks made of darker, heavier elements |
Felsic | Rocks made of elements that are lighter in color and weight |
Intrusive Igneous Rocks | Rocks that are formed under the surface. Take longer to crystallize because of the heat, causing large crystals |
Extrusive igneous rocks | Formed above the surface, causing quick cooling and small crystals |
Regional | Metamorphosed by the general heat and pressure of being underground |
Contact | Metamorphosed by coming into contact or near contact to magma. |
Foliated | Metamorphic rocks with distinct layers |
Protolith | The rock that becomes a metamorphic rock. |
Normal Fault | Over hanging wall slides down Caused by tensional stress |
Reverse fault | Overhanging wall goes up Caused by compressional stress |
Strike-Slip Fault | Rocks slide sideways passed each other Cause by shear stress |
Index Fossils | Fossils that are widespread and only lived for a short period of time |
Direct light | Direct light has more energy than indirect and causes higher temperatures |
Indirect light | Energy is spread out, lower temperatures |
Evaporation | Absorbing heat=molecules absorbing energy Cools surrounding liquid |
Condensation | Heat released Warms surroundings |
Sublimation | From ice to air |
Deposition | From vapor to ice |
Air Pressure | Air Pressure up=Temperature up Pressure down=temperature down |
CLouds | liquid water molecules that have condensed on particles in the air |
Condensation Nuclei | particles in the air for water vapor to condense on |
Relative humidity | The % of available energy available to do the work of evaporation. Num water vapor denom temp: 50/100=50% 50/200=25% 50/50=100% 50/100=50% 75/100=75% 30/100=30% |
Dewpoint | The temperature where condensation begins. High dewpoint= moist air because the water vapor has to heat more to condense. Low dewpoint= dry air because the air has too heat less in order dry out |
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