Unit 5: Evolution

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Grade 11
Gurleen Dhillon
Flashcards by Gurleen Dhillon, updated more than 1 year ago
Gurleen Dhillon
Created by Gurleen Dhillon almost 10 years ago
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Question Answer
Adaptation structure, behaviour, or physiological process
Mimicry structural adaptation in which harmless species look like harmful species
Variations difference between individuals
Mutations permanent change in genetic material
Selective Advantage genetic advantage that improves an organisms chance of survival
Selective pressure environmental conditions select certain trait and go against other traits
Fitness contribution to gene pool
Biotechnology use of technology and organisms to produce useful products
Natural Selection traits of a population change over time
Artificial Selection certain traits chosen by humans to make a new product
Sexual Selection natural selection for mating based
Monoculture extensive planting of the same varieties of species
Fossil Record remains and traces of past life
Transitional Fossils fossils that show links betweens a group of organisms
Vestigial Structure reduced version of a structure
Biogeography study of past and present geographical distribution of species
Homologous structures similar structural elements and origin but different function
Analogous structure do not have common evolutionary origin but performs similar functions
Embryology study of pre-birth stages
Gene Pool genes of all individuals in a population
Non-random mating mating on the basis of mate selection
Genetic Drift change in frequencies of alleles due to events
Founder effect change in gene pool when individuals start a new population
Bottleneck effect changes in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size
Stabilizing Selection natural selection that favours intermediate phenotypes
Directional selection favours phenotype at 1 extreme
Disruptive Selection favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes
Speciation formation of new species from existing species
Pre- zygotic isolating mechanism impedes mating or prevent fertilization
Behavioural isolating mechanism differences in call/song
Habitat isolating mechanism two species may live in the same general region but in different habitats
Temporal isolating mechanism kept separate by temporal(timing) barriers
Mechanical Isolating Mechanism species that are closely related mate but cannot fertilize
Gametic Isolating Mechanism gametes from different species do meet, they will rarely fuse to form a zygote
Post - Zygotic Isolating Mechanism barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes to be fertile
Hybrid Inviability Genetic Incompatibility of the interbred species may stop development of hybrid zygote
Hybrid Sterility mate and produce infertile hybrid
Hybrid Breakdown F1 gen is fertile but F2 gen is not fertile
Sympatric Speciation populations within the same geographical areas diverge and become reproductively isolated
Allopatric Speciation population is split into two or more isolated groups by a barrier
Ecological Niche role and physical distribution of a specie in a environment
Adaptive Radiation diversification of a common ancestral species
Gradualism evolutionary change as slow and steady before and after divergence
Punctuated Equilibrium evolution history as long period of stasis or equilibrium
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