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Description
Flashcards by Irina Yaropolova, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Irina Yaropolova
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is psychology? | Sience of human behaviour and experience |
| What is an "approach"? | It is a belief about the world and about what causes ppl to behave certain ways. These beliefs will affect what they choose to study and how they choose to study it. |
| Approaches in psychology? | - cognitive - biological - humanistic - evolutionary - behaviourist - psychodynamic |
| Biological approach? | It believes that behviour can be explained in terms of inheriting characteristics, such as tendency to be agressive |
| Behaviourist approach? | It believes that the way a person is and behaves is due to life experience. A person may be rewarded or punished for certain behaviour, and this determines their future behaviour. Ppl might also imitate what they see others doing. |
| Psychodynamic approach? | It believes that our behaviour is influenced by emotions that are beyond our conscious awareness. Such emotions are buried in the unconscious mind as a result of events in early childhood. (Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)) |
| Cognitive approach? | it believes that behaviour is best explained in terms of how a person thinks about their actions. For example, the expectation that a concert will be brilliant will increase the likehood that it will be a great experience for you. |
| Main debates in psychology? | - Nature VS Nuture - Reductionism VS Holism - Determinism VS Free Will - Idiographic VS Nomothetic |
| Nature VS Nuture? | This debate suggests that ppl are either the product of their genes and biology (NATURE) or of their environment (NUTURE). |
| Reductionism VS Holism? | Reductionism involves breaking down a complex phenomenon into more simple components. Holism is the view tha system should ve studied as a whole. We can't predict how the whole system will behave from a knowledge of the individual components. |
| Determinism VS Free Will? | Determenism is the view that an individual behaviour is shaped or cintrolled by internal or external forces. "Free Will" sees individual as being capable of self-determination. Ppl have an active role in controlling their behavious. |
| Idiographic VS Nomothetic? | The Idiographic approach involves the study of ppl and the unique insights each person gives us about human behaviour. The Nomothetic approach involves the study of a large number of people and then seeks to make generalisations about their behaviour. |
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