1955401
Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Hewson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Hewson
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| DNA is made up of three basic components. when these combine, what does this form? | A nucleotide. |
| what three components is a nucleotide made up of? | -A sugar called deoxyribose, -A phosphate group -An organic base |
| What two groups can the organic base belong to? | a) Single ring bases - Cytosine and Thymine (C and T) b) Double ring bases - Adenine and Guanine (A and G) |
| How do the deoxyribose, phosphate and organic base combine? | By a condensation reaction |
| What is the name given to: a) A single nucleotide? b) Two nucleotides? c)Three or more nucleotides? | a) A mononucleotide b) A dinucleotide c) A polynucleotide |
| How do the mononucleotides join together between which components? | by a condensation reaction between the deoxyribose of one mononucleotide and the phosphate group of the other mono, di or polynucleotide. |
| What is DNA made up of in terms of nucleotides? | two long strands of nucleotides |
| how are the two strands of nucleotides joined together? | By hydrogen bonds formed between certain bases |
| what is the difference between a C & G base pair and an A & T base pair? | A & T pair by two hydrogen bonds where as C & G have three hydrogen bonds. |
| what is the word used to describe the pairings between the base pairs? | complementary. |
| the number of A is the same as the number of T, and the same with C and G but what does differ between the pairs? | the ratio, there could be more A & T than there are C & G pairs |
| what describes the overall structure of DNA? | double helix |
| how many bases are there in one complete turn of the double helix structure? | ten base pairs |
| what are four ways in how the DNA molecule is adapted to its function? | -very stable and can pass through generations without change -two strands joined by hydrogen bonds so they can separate for DNA replication and protein synthesis -very large so can carry lots of genetic info -base pairs within the helical cylinder of the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone the genetic info if to an extent protected from corruption by outside chemical and physical forces. |
| what does A, T, C and G stand for? | G = guanine (double ring) A = adenine (double ring) T = thymine (single ring) C = cytosine (single ring) |
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