20002822
Description
Flashcards by Lila de Wet, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lila de Wet
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell cycle | - Starts when cell forms - Ends when cell divides - 2 parts of cycle: Interphase (growth) Mitosis (division) |
| Interphase & Chromosomes | - Interphase takes up 90% of cell cycle - This is when the cell carries out it's function & grows bigger DNA is replicated -> chromosomes made of 2 chromatids, joined by centromere |
| Purposes of Mitosis | - Growth - Repair - Reproduction (single-celled organisms: bacteria & protists) |
| Location of Mitosis | - In plants: apical meristem = tip of root/stem & buds lateral meristem = tissues beneath bark - In animals: specific places in organs = bone marrow /skin basal layers |
| Which tissues are continually being replaced by Mitosis? | - Epithelium tissue - Connective tissue |
| Which division processes are important in Mitosis? | - KARYOKINESIS = division of nucleus - CYTOKINESIS = division of cytoplasm |
| Interphase (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - DNA in Chromatin Network duplicates - DNA thickens into chromosomes |
| Prophase (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - Spindle fibres formed btwn poles (but no centrosomes) - No centrioles |
| Metaphase (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - Nuclear membrane disintegrates - Chromosomes line up at equator & attach to spindle fibre at centromere |
| Anaphase (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - Centromere splits - Daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles (spindle fibres) |
| Telophase (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - Cytokinesis: cell plate forms @ equator - Chromosomes unwind & lengthen - Nuclear membrane & nucleolus form |
| After mitosis... (Mitosis in Plant Cells) | - Cytoplasm creates new cell wall (add layers of cellulose) - Vacuoles form (in one daugther cell) - Vacuoles join & water pulls in (cell enlarges) - Other cell remains small; divides again |
| Interphase (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - DNA in Chromatin Network replicates - DNA thickens and becomes visible |
| Prophase (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - 1 centrosome = 2 individual centrioles - Spindle = fibres that form btwn centrioles - Centrosomes pulled to opposite poles (by spindles) - Each chromosome = 2 chromatids joined by centromere |
| Metaphase (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - Nuclear membrane is disintegrated - Chromosomes align on equator - Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at centromere |
| Anaphase (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - Chromosomes split into sister chromatids - Spindles pull daughter chromosomes (chromatids) to opposite poles |
| Telophase (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - Cytokinesis Cell membrane constricts at equator - Nuclear membrane & nucleolus form in each daughter cell - Each daughter cell has same number of chromosomes as parent cell |
| After mitosis... (Mitosis in Animal Cells) | - Cytoplasm pinches off btwn 2 daughter cells - 1 Cell may divide again 1 Cell may become specialised tissue cell |
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