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| Question | Answer |
| What is weathering? | When rocks don't move and are worn away. |
| What is chemical weathering? | Chemical weathering happens when rainwater reacts with minerals in the rock. |
| Why is rainwater acidic? | Rainwater is slightly acidic because it contains dissolved gases. |
| What are the two types of physical weathering? | Onion skin and freeze-thaw |
| What is onion skin weathering? | Temperature changes can cause physical weathering. The rock expands during the day when it is hot and contracts when it is cold at night. |
| What is freeze-thaw action? | Physical weathering can also happen when water gets into the rock and freezes. Water expands when it turns into ice, and makes the crack wider. |
| What is biological weathering ? | Biological weathering is when rocks are broken up or worn away due to plants and animals. |
| How can plants cause biological weathering? | Plant roots can cause biological weathering. The plant roots grow into small cracks in the rocks, and push the sides of the crack apart when they grow bigger. |
| What is erosion? | Erosion is when rocks move and are worn away. |
| What is abrasion? | When pieces of rock bump into each other and bits get knocked of them. |
| What is sediment? | The bits of rock carried by a river. |
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? | When the water deposits the sediments layer by layer until they build up on top of each other and squish together to make sedimentary rocks |
| How are fossils formed? | When dead plants and animals fall to the bottom of the sea and are covered by other layers of sediment. |
| What are rocks made of? | Grains |
| What are grains made of? | Grains are made of a chemical called a mineral. |
| What does porous mean? | Having gaps between grains that allow liquids or air to pass through |
| What does interlocking mean? | A lot of joined up grains that leave no space for anything to pass through? |
| What kinds of rock are easily susceptible to chemical weathering? | Those containing calcium carbonate (e.g. limestone or chalk) |
| What is magma? | Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. |
| What is a parasitic cone? | A small cone-shaped volcano formed by an accumulation of volcanic debris. |
| What is a sill? | A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano. |
| What is a vent? | An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape. |
| What is a flank? | The side of a volcano. |
| What is lava? | Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools. |
| What is a crater? | Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent. |
| What is a conduit? | An underground passage magma travels through. |
| What is a summit? | Highest point; apex |
| What is a throat? | Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash. |
| What is ash? | Fragments of lava or rock less than 2mm in size that are blasted into the air by volcanic explosions. |
| What is an ash cloud? | A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions. |
| What does sulphur dioxide do? | It leads to acid rain after the volcano eruption. |
| How are igneous rocks formed? | They're formed from cooling magma or lava. |
| What is extrusive igneous rock? | When igneous rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth. |
| What is intrusive igneous rock? | Rock formed beneath the Earth's surface by magma. |
| Why is there a difference in the size of crystals in different rocks? | The time in which magma/lava takes to cool varies. When it takes longer the crystals are bigger and vice-versa |
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