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Description
Flashcards by Adriana Vincelli-Joma, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Adriana Vincelli-Joma
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hardware | -electronic components that input, process, output, and store data according to software |
| Hardware categories | -input -processing -output -storage |
| Input devices | -attach to computer Examples -mouse -keyboard -touchscreen -microphone -scanner |
| Processing devices | -allow for modification, storage, or deletion of data Examples -CPU |
| Output devices | -displays results of computer's processing Examples -video display -speakers -printer -projector |
| Storage devices | -saves data and programs Examples -magnetic disks (HD) -optical disks (CD and DVD) -flash or solid state device (SSD) |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | -transfers program/data from disk to main memory -moves instruction from main memory via data channel or bus -performance measured in Hertz -has small amount of very fast memory (cache) |
| Main memory | -set of cells in which each cell holds byte of data or instruction -Random Access Memory (RAM) -contains program instructions -contains OS instruction |
| Memory swapping | -movement of programs and data into and out of memory |
| Volatile memory | -data that will be lost when computer or device is not powered Examples -cache -main memory |
| Nonvolatile memory | -memory that preserves data contents even when not powered Examples -magnetic/optical disks |
| Software | -instructions for computers |
| Types of software | -operating system (OS): controls computer's resources -application programs: perform specific user tasks |
| Types of OS | -Windows: developed by Microsoft -Mac OS: developed by Apple -Unix: developed by Bell Labs -Linux: developed by open-source community; version of Unix |
| License | -agreement that stipulates how program can be used -users by license use program -ownership remains with development company -open source community has no license fee |
| Application software | -programs that perform specific business function -general purpose or specific |
| Horizontal-market application software | -provides capabilities across many organizations and industries Examples -Word -Excel -PowerPoint -Acrobat -Photoshop -Paint Shop Pro |
| Vertical-market application software | -servers need of specific industry -altered or customized Examples: -appointment scheduling software -inventory tracking system for warehouses |
| One-of-a-kind application software | -developed for specific, unique need, usually for particular company's operations Examples -Canada Revenue Agency tax software |
| Acquiring application software | -off-the-shelf: commercial software -off-the-shelf with alterations: modified for a particular organization -tailor-made/custom-developed: adapted to particular organization's need |
| Browsers | -characteristics of both application software and OS Examples -Internet Explorer -Chrome |
| Firmware | -computer software installed into devices -installed into nonvolatile ROM |
| Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) | -important piece of firmware used when computer is initially booted up -loads from ROM and runs through commands provided by firmware |
| client | -computer that provides word processing, spreadsheets, database access, and usually network connection -connect to servers for Web, emails, database |
| server | -provide service Examples -host database -run blog -publish website -sell goods -faster, larger, and more powerful than client -may/may not have video display -server farm: large collection of servers |
| Manager's buying decisions | -specify client hardware/software they use -specify client hardware/software for employees -specify horizontal application software or other software appropriate for OS -no role in specifying server hardware other than approving the budget -specify requirements for vertical and custom-server software |
| Virus | -computer program that replicates itself -consumes computer resources |
| Payload | - program code that causes unwanted activity -deletes programs/data, modify data in ways that are undetected by user |
| Macro virus | -attach themselves to various types of documents -when document is opened, virus places itself in startup files of application -infects every file that application creates or processes |
| Worm | -virus that propagates using Internet or other network -spread faster than other viruses -specifically programmed to spread -actively use network to spread |
| Zombie | -subsequent computers infected with worm or virus |
| Botnet | -compromised machine -set of computers/applications that are coordinated through network and used to perform malicious tasks |
| Patches | -group of fixes for high-priority failures that can be applied to existing copies of particular product -used to fix security holes in computer programs |
| Antivirus program | -software that detects and possibly eliminates viruses |
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