20956364
Description
Flashcards by Anieta Dixon, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anieta Dixon
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
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Definition of Self-Efficacy
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Bandura defined self-efficacy as "peoples' beliefs in their capabilities to produce desired effects by their own actions." For Bandura, outcome expectancies are viewed as far less important than efficacy expectancies. |
| Childhood Antecedents of Self-Efficacy | Self-efficacy is based on the premise of social cognitive theory, which holds that humans actively shape their lives rather than passively reacting to environmental forces. Social cognitive theory is built on three ideas: 1. Humans have powerful symbolizing capacities for cognitively creating models of their experiences. 2. People become skilled at self-regulating their actions as they navigate ongoing environmental events. 3. Personalities are a result of these situation-specific reciprocal interactions of thoughts --> environments --> thoughts. |
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Developmental Antecedents of Self-Efficacy
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1. Previous successes in similar situations. 2. Modeling on others in the same situations. 3. Imagining oneself behaving effectively. 4. Undergoing verbal persuasion by powerful, trustworthy, expert, and attractive people. 5. Arousal and emotion. |
| Neurobiology of Self- Efficacy | 1. The frontal and prefrontal lobes of the human brain evolved to facilitate the prioritization of goals and the planful thinking that are crucial for self-efficacy. 2. During goal-directed tasks, the right hemisphere of the brain reacts to the dilemmas as relayed by the linguistic and abstract left hemisphere processes. 3. Self-efficacy yields a sense of control that leads to the production of neuroendocrine and catecholamines. 4. A sense of realistic self-efficacy lessens cardiac reactivity and lower blood pressure-thereby facilitating coping. |
| Scales Measuring Self-Efficacy | 1. Betz and colleagues have developed and validated a 25-item measure that taps confidence in making career decisions. Scores on this scale predict confidence in examining various careers and actual career indecision. 2. The Occupational Questionnaire (Teresa, 1991) for tapping students' mastery of various vocations. 3. The Career Counselling Self-Efficacy Scale for measuring counselors' confidence in deriving interventions for persons who are having difficulties with their career decisions. 4. Sherer et aI. (1982) developed and validated a trait - like an index called the Self-Efficacy Scale which consists of 23 items to which respondents rate their agreement on a 14 - point Likert scale. 5. Chen et al. (2001) have developed an 8-item New General Self-Efficacy Scale. |
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Self-Efficacy's influence in Psychological Adjustment
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Lower self-efficacies have been linked with depression as well as avoidance and anxiety. Likewise, higher self-efficacy is helpful in overcoming eating disorders and abuse. |
| Self- Efficacy in Physical Health | Maddux (2002) has suggested that self-efficacy can influence positive physical health in two ways: 1. Elevated self-efficacy increases health-related behaviors and decreases unhealthy ones. Moreover, self-efficacy helps to maintain these changes. 2. Self-efficacy has an impact on various biological processes that relate to better physical health. Included in such adaptive biological processes are immune functioning, susceptibility to infections, the neurotransmitters that are implicated in stress management and the endorphins for muting pain. |
| Self-Efficacy's Influence in Psychotherapy | Psychotherapy may use one or more of the following five strategies for enhancing self-efficacy: 1. Building successes, often through the use of goal setting and the incremental meeting of those goals. 2. Using models to teach the person to overcome difficulties. 3. Allowing the person to imagine himself or herself behaving effectively. 4. Using verbal persuasion by a trustworthy psychotherapist. 5. Teaching techniques for lowering arousal to increase the likelihood of more adaptive, self-efficacious thinking. |
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Collective Self- Efficacy
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"The extent to which we believe that we can work together effectively to accomplish our shared goals." It plays a helpful role in classroom performances and work teams. |
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