Introduction to Sociology

Question	Answer
What are the different types of Social Movements?	1. Individual 2. Societal 3. Global
What are the types of Individual Social Movements?	1. Alternative 2. Redemptive
What are the types of Societal Movements?	1. Reformative 2. Transformative
What are the types of Global Movements?	1. Transnational 2. Metaformative
What do Alternative Movements do?	The change individual behavior
What are some of the aspects of Gemeinschaft or Traditional Societies?	Small societies, rural & slow changing. Men dominate social life. Divisions of labor between men & women are strict. They have little formal education, illnesses are Tx'd at home, they see morals in absolute term, & consider the past the key for dealing with the present.
What are some of the aspects of the Gesellschaft or Modern societies?	Large societies, urbanized, fast-changing with more fluid divisions of labor between the sexes.
Max Weber believed God gave...	God gave a sign of prosperity.
Protestants were...	Hard-working & thrifty. This was the economic surplus that stimulated capitalism. It also laid the ground work for the Industrial Revolution.
What was modernization?	The sweeping changes ushered in by the Industrial Revolution.
When technology changes...	Societies change.
What is colonialism?	Conquering other nations and taking control of their resources.
Fear of Russia's nuclear arsenal prompted the G7 to let Russia join this elite club, creating what?	G8 Russia was black-listed.
What were the 4 threats to this Coalition of Power?	1. Dissension within. 2. The growing global power & influence of China. 3. The resurgence of ethnic rivalries & conflicts. 4. The smoldering embers of the Cold War that threaten to burst into flames.
Why do societies change?	1. The evolution of societies 2. Natural cycles 3. Conflict & power 4. The pioneering views of William Ogburn.
This first social revolution allowed	Social Revolution #1- hunting and gathering societies to develop into horticultural and pastoral societies.
The ???? brought about the second social revolution.	Social Revolution #2- The plow. Agriculture societies emerged from this event.
The third social revolution, prompted by the invention of the .	Social Revolution #3- steam engine, ushered in the Industrial Revolution
The fourth social revolution, stimulated by the invention of the .	Microchip. The process of change has accelerated so greatly that the mapping of the human genome system could be pushing us into yet another new type of society, one based on biotechnology.
Name some characteristics of the Traditional or Gemeinschaft society.	They are small, rural, and slow-changing. Men dominate social life, and the divisions of labor between men and women are rigid. People live in extended families, have little formal education, treat illness at home, tend to see morals in absolute terms, and consider the past the key for dealing with the present.
Name some characteristics of the Modern or Gesellschaft society.	Large, urbanized, & fast-changing, with more fluid divisions of labor between the sexes. smaller families and low rates of infant death. Prize formal education, are future-oriented, have higher incomes, and enjoy vastly more material possessions.
What did the Protestant Reformation do to Protestants?	The Reformation stripped Protestants of the assurance that church membership saved them.
What is a Metaformative society?	A social movement that has the goal to change the social order, not just of a society or 2, but of the entire world. -strive to reformulate concepts & practices of race-ethnicity, class, gender, governments, & the global stratification of the entire world.
What are Unilinear Theories?	Assume that all societies follow the same path: Each evolves from simpler to more complex forms.
Lewis Morgan said that all societies go through three stages:	Savagery, barbarism, and civilization.
In Morgan’s eyes, England, his own society, was the...	Epitome of civilization
What are Multilinear Theories? Image: Images[5] (binary/octet-stream)	Multilinear theorists proposed that different routes lead to the same stage of development Image: Images[5] (binary/octet-stream)
Central to all evolutionary theories, whether unilinear or multilinear, is the assumption of...	Cultural Progress
...Assume that civilizations are like organisms: They are born, enjoy an exuberant youth, come to maturity, and then decline as they reach old age. Finally, they die?	Cyclical theories
Central to all evolutionary theories, whether unilinear or multilinear, is the assumption of	cultural progress
... theories assume that civilizations are like organisms: They are born, enjoy an exuberant youth, come to maturity, and then decline as they reach old age. Finally, they die.	Cyclical theories
The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler, proposed that...	Western civilization had passed its peak and was in decline
Karl Marx identified a recurring process of social change. He said that each ...	thesis (a current arrangement of power) contains its own antithesis (contradiction or opposition).
A struggle develops between the thesis and its antithesis, leading to a ...	Synthesis (a new arrangement of power).
According to Marx’s view (called a ...	dialectical process of history) each ruling group sows the seeds of its own destruction.
Sociologist William Ogburn, proposed a theory of social change that is based largely on ...	Technology
What are the 3 processes society is changed according to William Ogburn?	1. Invention 2. Discovery 3. Diffusion
Define invention-	A combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones.
What are some examples of Social Inventions?	Democracy and citizenship, Capitalism , Socialism, Bureaucracy, the corporation and gender equality.

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Introduction to Sociology

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