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Description
Flashcards by 4everlakena, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by 4everlakena
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What nerve pairs make up the peripheral nervous system? | Cranial Spinal |
| What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? | parasympathetic sympathetic |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| Efferent nerves are also known as... | Motor nerves |
| Arachnoid mater | Innermost layer of the brain |
| What produces the Cerebrospinal fluid? | Choroid Plexus |
| Synapse | Junction between two nerve cells |
| What does the axonal terminal do? | Release neurotransmitters |
| What does the dendrite do? | Conducts electrical currents toward the body |
| What is does the myelin sheath help with? | Increase the speed of impulse transmission |
| What does the axon do? | Conducts impulses away from the cell body |
| What is the difference between neurotransmitters and impulses? | Impulses are electrical and neurotransmitters are chemical |
| Terminals__ information while dendrites __ information | Terminals send information while dendrites receive information |
| What are other functions of the Cerebrospinal fluid? | Takes in nutrients Removes waste |
| What connects the two hemispheres of the brain? | Corpus Callosum |
| What are the two main parts of the diencephalon? | Thalamus Hypothalamus |
| What are the three main parts of the lower brain stem? | Midbrain pons medulla oblongata |
| What are the three types of neurons? | Sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) Interneurons |
| What is the function of myelin? | Provides insulation to prevent short circuiting fibers. |
| Dura mater | Outer brain covering |
| Pia mater | Innermost layer |
| Choroid plexus a.k.a | blood brain barrier (with selective permeability) |
| What is the biggest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
| Longitudinal fissures | Deep grooves that divide the brain into left and right |
| Transverse fissure | Divides cerebrum from cerebellum |
| Gyri | Elevated ridges |
| Sulci | Shallower grooves |
| What does the frontal lobe control? | voluntary movements Reasoning Impulse control problem solving |
| What does the Broca's area control? | Speech |
| What is the parietal lobe in charge of? | receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors |
| What does the occipital lobe control? | Vision |
| What does the temporal lobe contain? | Auditory area |
| What is the Wernicke's area in charge of? | speech understanding comprehension |
| What does the hippocampus control? | Memory and learning Recognizing new info Recall special relationships |
| What does the amygdala influence? | behavior Associated with emotional reactions, |
| What does the Thalamus do? | Acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses |
| What body system is the hypothalamus linked to? | Endocrine system |
| What is the hypothalamus known as? | brain of the brain |
| What does the cerebellum do? | Maintains balance Muscle tone Coordination of muscle mobvement |
| What is the function of Pons | Helps control breathing Connects parts of the brain with each other |
| What is the midbrain in charge of? | hearing vision |
| What id the medulla oblongata the center for? | swallowing Vomiting |
| What is the major function of the spinal cord? | Carries messages from sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation Reflex center |
| What do afferent nerves do? | Sensory Take info from receptors to the Central Nervous System |
| What do efferent nerves do? | Motor neurons Convey info from CNS to the muscles and glands |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system for? | Speeds up activity requires energy |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | Speed up vegetative activities (such as urination and digestion) and slows down or restores other activities |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system use as a neurotransmitter? | acetycholine |
| What type of fibers do the dorsal root contain? | Sensory nerve fibers |
| What type of fibers do the ventral root contain? | Motor nerve fibers Anterior |
| What does the cervical plexus do? | gives motor movement to muscles of the neck and shoulders receives messages |
| Where does the brachial plexus give movement to? | shoulder wrist Hand gives messages to those areas |
| To what area does the Lumbar plexus give movement to? | Butt anterior legs and thighs |
| What area does the sacral plexus give movement to? | Back/posterior of legs and thighs |
| What is the largest nerve of the body? | Sciatic nerve |
| What is the simplest type of nerve response? | Reflex |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | Mini Stroke temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain 2-5 min |
| Cerebrovascular accident | when blood flow to th ebrain is interupted |
| What are the two types of a cerebrovascular accident? | Ischemic Hemorrhagic |
| What is the difference between an ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident | Ischemic -> Blood clot, treated with clot busting drugs Hemorrhagic -> Rupture of a blood vessel Harder to treat and more deadly |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness of one side of the body |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one half of the body |
| Aphasia | inability to express or understand speech if the left side of the brain is damaged |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of the trunk (usually below the waist) and both legs |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of the trunk (usually below the neck) both arms and legs |
| Melastic cancers | More common travel and spread throughout the body a.k.a secondary tumor |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the lining of the brain and lungs (meninges) s/s: headache, fever, and stiff neck |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
| Cerebral Palsy | Disturbance in voluntary muscular movement due to brain damage |
| Epilepsy | Seizure disorder of the brain characterized by a reoccurring and excessive discharge from the neurons |
| Grand mal seizure a.k.a | Tonic clonic seizure loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions |
| Absence or petit mal seizure | brief or sudden lapse of conscious activity mostly in children |
| Post ictal state | After the seizure Brain recovers from trauma |
| Hydrocephalus | Increased volume of CSF in ventricles of the brain |
| MS | Autoimmune, inflammatory disease Immune cells attack myelin sheath & the myelin sheath are destroyed Destruction delays or completely blocked transmission of nerve impuses in affected areas |
| Alzheimers disease | Progressive disease cant remember recent memories Nerve endings in brain degenerate and block signals Abnormal fibers build p and cause tangles |
| For alzheimers disease, what are the areas of degeneration called? | plaques |
| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| Sciatica | Inflammation of sciatic nerve |
| Bell's Palsy | Involves 7th cranial nerve (Facial) One side of their face droops and is numb |
| Shingles | Acute viral infection One sided infection of cutaneous nerve |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | Affects median nerve and flexor tendons that attach to the carpals |
| Concussion | caused by severe blows to the head results in bran damage and can cause unconsciousness |
| What connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system? | Medulla |
| What are the two divisions of the PNS? | Autonomic Somatic |
| Systematic nervous system | Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system Controls skeletal sysytem |
| Side of the brain responsible for logical thinking | left |
| What are the four main parts of the brain? | Cerebrum Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum |
| what connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system? | Medulla |
| What nerve goes with the cervical plexus? | The phrenic nerve |
| What is the cervical plexus in charge of? | Diaphragm |
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