21986123
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How does lactate become pyruvate? | Lactate dehydrogenase catalyses Lactate looses an H, reduces NAD to NADH+H+ |
| What are the steps of glycogen synthesis? | 1. Glucose becomes Glucose-6-phosphate via enzyme Hexokinase/glucokinase and ATP-->ADP 2. Glucose-6-phosphate becomes Glucose-1-phosphate via enzyme phosphoglucomutase 3. UDP glucose formed 4. Glycogen formed via glucose synthase branching enzyme |
| What is the purpose of glycogen synthesis? | Converting glucose to glycogen |
| Which cells does glycogen synthesis occur in, and where in the cell? | 1. Brain, liver, skeletal muscle 2. In the cytoplasm of the cell |
| What does hexokinase/glucokinase do? | Phosphorylate Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate Uses ATP-->ADP |
| What does phosphoglucamutase do? | Change glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate (glycogen synthesis) or the other way around (gluconeogenesis) |
| What does glucose synthase branching enzyme do? | Convert UDP glucose to Glycogen |
| What is the function of gluconeogenesis? Where does it occur? | Convert glycogen to glucose Mainly in the liver (small bit in cortex of kidneys) |
| In gluconeogenesis what does glycogen phosphorylase do? | Change glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate |
| What converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose+Pi in the liver? | Glucose-6-phosphatase |
| What is glycolysis? What does it yield? Where does it occur? | Breakdown of glucose to 2ATP, Pyuruvate, 2NADH Occurs in the cytosol of cytoplasm in most cells |
| What are the steps of glycolysis? | 1. Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using hexo/glucokinase and ATP-->ADP 2. Isomerisation of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate 3. Phosphorylation to fructose-1,6-phosphate via phosphofructokinase and ATP-->ADP 4a. DHAP-->Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 4b. Directly to G3P 5. Oxidation to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate via Gluceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+-->NADH+H+) 6. Reverse phosphorylation to 3-phosphoglycerate using phosphoglycerate kinase (2ADP-->2ATP) 7. Isomerisation to 2-phosphoglycerate 8. Dehydration to phosphoenol pyruvate via enolase 9. Reverse phosphorylation to Pyruvate via pyruvate kinase, 2ADP-->2ATP |
| In glycolysis, which reactions use ATP? | 1. Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using hexo/glucokinase and ATP-->ADP 2. Phosphorylation to fructose-1,6-phosphate via phosphofructokinase and ATP-->ADP |
| In glycolysis, which reactions produce ATP? | 1. Reverse phosphorylation of 1,3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate using phosphoglycerate kinase 2. Reverse phosphorylation of phosphoenol pyruvate to Pyruvate via pyruvate kinase |
| What does phosphofructokinase do? | Phosphorylate fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate |
| What does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase do? | Oxidise G3P to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (NAD+-->NADH+H+) |
| What does phosphoglycerate kinase do? | Reverse phosphorylation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate (2ADP-->2ATP) |
| What does enolase do? | Convert 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate |
| What does pyruvate kinase do? | Reverse phosphorylation of phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate (2ADP-->2ATP) |
| What are the 3 enzymes catalysing the irreversible steps of glycolysis? | 1.hexokinase 2. phosphofructokinase (PFK) 3. pyruvate kinase |
| What are inhibitors of glycolysis? (negative feedback, allosteric) | 1. ATP 2. Citrate 3. Phosphoenol pyruvate |
| What are activators of glycolysis? | AMP |
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