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Flashcards by soesja.schelling, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by soesja.schelling
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| American Exeptionalism (x3) | 1. Nation based upon definite principles 2. Universal Nation 3. An example to the world (oldest republic, oldest democracy) |
| Constitution was modelled after British Constitution, but not the British way (x6) | 1. Hostility to political parties 2. Rejects monarchy 3. Hereditary principle abolished 4. Informal 'aristocracy' based on wealth/education 5. Separation of powers 6. Fixed Elections |
| Distrust of simple majorities after the declaration of independence (x5) | 1. Staggered terms 2. Separation of legislature and executive 3. Unelected Senate, directly elected House 4. President elected indirectly by EC 5. Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional |
| Importance of states (x3) | 1. President was elected by states 2. States have equal representation in Senate 3. States enjoy wide powers of self government |
| Differences between American politics and the rest of the world (x4) | 1. Hard to know who is accountable 2. Problem of gridlock 3. Very long and expensive campaigns 4. Different party system |
| Party systems (x3) | 1. First Party System, 1793 - 1824, Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans 2. Second Party System, 1828 - 1854, Democrats vs. Whigs 3. Third Party System, 1854 - ... Democrats vs. Republicans |
| Why is there a two party system? (x6) | 1. "Winner takes it all" electoral system 2. Less ideologically motivated parties 3. Competition for presidency 4. Power of patronage 5. Primary system 6. Loose party discipline |
| Rise of Mass Politics 1800 - 1840 (x7) | 1. Property qualifications for voting dropped 2. Caucus system to nominating convention 3. Rise of West 4. Candidates with popular appeal (military heroes) 5. Highly organised election campaigns 6. Spoils system 7. Populism |
| 1865: Era of Republican hegemony - reasons (x6) | 1. Strongest in growing North 2. Union victory in Civil War 3. Prestige of Abraham Lincoln 4. Every Republican President was a Civil War veteran 5. Pensions for Union veterans 6. Active federal government |
| Arguments for the expansion of slavery (x4) | 1. Territories the 'common property' of states and Congress had no right to deny South share of 'common property' 2. Founding fathers were slaveholders 3. Benefitted North as well as South 4. Slavery is a positive good (Calhoun) |
| Arguments for the restriction of slavery (x3) | 1. Founding fathers viewed slavery as a necessary evil 2. Federal policies favored south (3/5 compromise) 3. Congress had power to exclude slavery from territories (e.g. Missouri Compromise) |
| Reconstruction: Radical (x4) | 1. Radicals likened to French Jacobins 2. Republicans brought about a "constitutional revolution" 3. Emphasised equality and rights 4. Used army and enforcement acts |
| Reconstruction: Conservative (x4) | 1. Still supported states' rights 2. Rejected long period of military rule 3. Declined to make voting a positive right 4. Failed create a strong bureaucracy that could enforce equal rights |
| Limits of federal power after the Civil War (x5) | 1. "Constitutional Conservatism" of Republicans 2. Reluctance to employ military force 3. Federal government would not guarantee individual rights 4. Repeal of force acts 5. No national education system |
| Sources of machine power (x4) | 1. Votes 2. Spoils system 3. Financial support from businesses 4. Tolerated crime, illegal activities |
| Decline of the machine from 1900 - reasons (x7) | 1. Anti-party reforms of Progressive Era 2. Decline in Patronage 3. Immigrants less dependent 4. Growth of labor unions 5. Creation of welfare state 6. Rise of mass entertainment 7. Television campaign commercials |
| Initially, the Progressive Movement did not have much success because... (x5) | 1. They were political amateurs 2. They had a narrow political base 3. They looked down upon immigrants 4. They were obsessed with the prohibition of tolerated crimes such as prostitution 5. Terrified of radicalism |
| Technical changes by the Progressive Movement (x5) | 1. Abandoning the Spoils system 2. The Australian ballot 3. Party primaries 4. Elect businessman for nonpartisan government 5. Battle vice and sin |
| The Progressive Era (1900) - causes (x5) | 1. Republicans stronger than ever 2. Return of economic growth (fear of radicalism decreased) 3. Merger movement in business 4. Upsurge in immigration 5. Found causes that had broad popular appeal |
| Progressive Movement succeeded from 1900 onwards because (x5) | 1. Fought the machines 2. Appealed to immigrants 3. Sympathetic to labor 4. Opposed greed of corporations 5. More direct democracy |
| The Progressive Achievement (x7) | 1. Regulated capitalism 2. Consumer protectionism 3. Protection of environment 4. Income Tax 5. Direct election US Senators 6. Direct democracy (Party primaries) 7. Women's suffrage |
| World War II for the US (x6) | 1. Revived Economy 2. Heightened black-white tensions 3. Japanese-Americans persecuted 4. Expansive definition of freedom 5. FDR reelected twice 6. Greater commitment to democracy |
| Rise of national security state during the cold war (x6) | 1. Federal loyalty program 2. FBI domestic surveillance 3. Surpression of communist party 4. Creation of CIA 5. Military bases in Europe/Asia/Australia 6. Nuclear weapons |
| Starting points for the rights revolution (x5) | 1. Wagner Act 2. Civil Rights Division within Department of Justice 3. Strict scrutiny 4. First FBI investigation of a lynching 5. Fair Employment Practices Committee |
| Federal judiciary (x3) | 1. District Courts 2. Circuit Courts of Appeal 3. Supreme Court |
| Supreme Court Eras (x8) | 1. The Marshall Court 2. The Taney Court 3. The Republican Court 4. The "Lochner" Era 5. The Roosevelt Court 6. The Warren Court 7. The Burger/Rehnquist court 8. The conservative court |
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