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| Question | Answer |
| what happens to metals electrons | metals loose electrons |
| what happens to non-metals electrons ? | non-metals gain electrons |
| name 3 properties of ionic bonding | -strong attraction between opposite ions -lots of energy needed to break attraction -high melting and boiling points |
| what atoms have covalent bonding | non-metals atoms |
| 19 F 9 what is the atomic mass and atomic number | atomic mass-19 atomic number-9 |
| what is the atomic mass? | the number of protons and neutrons |
| what is the atomic number ? | number of protons/electrons |
| 19 F 9 what is the number of neutrons | 10 |
| lithium produces a _______ flame lithium produces a ______ solid | pink white |
| sodium produces a ________ flame | orange |
| potassium produces a _______ flame | lilac |
| lithium + oxygen = | lithium oxide |
| what are three properties of sodium | shiny when cut stored in oil softer than lithium |
| lithium + oxygen + water | lithium hydroxide |
| why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase as you go down group 1 | the outer shell electron is further away from the nucleus. |
| isotopes have the same number of what, but different number of what | same number of electrons/protons different number of neutrons |
| isotopes have different _____ properties | physical |
| what is the most and least reactive halogen | most- fluorine least-astatine |
| how many outer shell electrons do halogens have | 7 |
| what type of bond do group sevens elements have | covalent bonds |
| a _______ reactive halogen will replace a _____ reactive halogen from a solution of it's ____ | -more -less -salt |
| Cl 2 + 2NaBr ----> | 2NaCl + Br2 |
| chlorine gains electrons to become | chloride ions |
| bromide ions loose electrons to become | bromine |
| o.i.l | oxidation is the loss |
| r.i.g | reduction is the gain |
| CuO + H2 ------> | H2O + Cu |
| oxidation is also known as... | combustion/burning |
| CuO is insoluble or soluble | insoluble |
| amount of oxygen in the air | 21% |
| nitrogen in the air | 78% |
| carbon dioxide | 0.035% |
| argon or water | 1% |
| test for hydrogen = | lit spill |
| result for hydrogen = | squeaky pop |
| test for oxygen = | glowing spill |
| result of oxygen | re-lights |
| magnesium dioxide is a what | catalyst |
| what is a catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction |
| non-metals burn in air to form... | gas/gases |
| CO2 = SO2 = | carbondioxide sulfurdioxide |
| non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form... | acids |
| CO2 + H2O -----> | H2 SO4 |
| metals burn in air to form... | solid oxides |
| the opposite of a base is a... | acid |
| a base reacts with a... | acid |
| carbon dioxide is a more dense gas than... | oxygen |
| carbon dioxide is soluble in... | water |
| breaking bonds take heat energy. this is what | endothermic |
| making bonds gives heat energy out. this is | exothermic |
| magnesium + copper sulfate ------> | copper + magnesium sulfate |
| Cuo + H 2 SO 4 = | CuSO 4 + H 2 O |
| p s l c m a z i c s g | potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron copper silver gold |
| how do you figure out the % of volume of air. | (air at start - air at end) /air at the start *1 |
| argon is called a noble gas because it is .... | un-reactive |
| the percentage of _____ ______ in the air varies with the weather | water vapour |
| identify the acid formed when sulfur dioxide reacts with water | sulfourus acid |
| identify another pollutant gas that forms acid rain | nitrogen oxide |
| what are 2 uses of carbon dioxide | fizzy drinks fire extinguisher |
| chemical equation to show the formation of an acidic solution from sulfur dioxide | SO 2 + H 2 O ------> H 2 SO 4 |
| aluminium phosphate | AlPO4 |
| magnesium phosphate | Mg 3 (PO4) 2 |
| magnesium nitrate | Mg ( NO 3) 2 |
| sodium chloride + silver nitrate -----> | sodium nitrate + silver chloride |
| sodium nitrate + silver bromide = | cream precipitate |
| sodium nitrate + silver chloride = | white precipitate |
| sodium nitrate + silver iodine + | yellow precipitate |
| lithium chloride | red flame |
| sodium chloride | orange flame |
| potassium chloride | lilac flame |
| copper chloride | blue-green flame |
| adding silver nitrate and nitric acid produced a green precipitate, a red flame was observed when burnt. what is the name of the compound ? | lithium bromide |
| how do we know this? | lithium produces a red flame bromide gives a cream precipitate |
| ammonium | NH 4 + |
| sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are... | soluble |
| all nitrates are... | soluble |
| all chlorides (not silver) are ... | soluble |
| all sulfates (not barium or calcium) are... | soluble |
| all carbonates are insoluble but... | sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate |
| why do we test HNO 3and Ar NO3 | to get rid of carbonates |
| copper forms a what precipitate | blue |
| iron 2+ forms a what precipitate | green |
| iron 3+ forms a what precipitate | brown |
| iodine gas is what colour | purple |
| iodine solid is what colour | black |
| metal + acid -----> m a | salt + hydrogen s h |
| metal oxide + acid -----> mo a | salt + water s h2o |
| metal hydroxide + acid -----> | salt + water |
| metal carbonate + acid -----> | salt + water + co2 |
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