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Flashcards by rebecca_clough, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rebecca_clough
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What life stage is infancy? | 0 - 2 yrs |
| What life stage is childhood? | 3 - 8 yrs |
| What life stage is Adolescence? | 9 - 18 yrs |
| What life stage is adulthood? | 19 - 45 yrs |
| What life stage is middle adulthood? | 45 - 65 yrs |
| What life stage is later adulthood? | 65+ yrs |
| Define the term 'Fine Motor Skills'. Give examples. | Small movements that use the small muscles of the fingers, toes, wrists, lips and tongue. E.g holding a spoon, using mouth and lips to taste feel objects, tying shoelaces. |
| Define the term 'Gross Motor Skills'. Give examples. | Uses larger movements infant makes with arms/legs/feet/entire body. E.g. crawling, running, jumping. |
| What does growth mean? | An increase in physical size. |
| What does development mean? | An increase in skill, abilities and emotions. |
| How can development in children be measured? What does it show? | Centile Charts. Shows the normal height and weight you would expect from child between 0 - 5 yrs. |
| What life stage does the menopause begin? | Middle adulthood between 45 - 55 (middle adulthood = 45 - 65) |
| How does a persons emotional development start? | Through a successful attachment between child and main carer. |
| Emotional development. Complete: As we get older, we learn to understand our _______ and of those around us. We also take other peoples __________ into account. | As we get older, we learn to understand our feelings and of those around us. We also take other peoples feelings into account. |
| Social Development. Complete: As children get older, they learn to get on with _________. | As children get older, they learn to get on with others. |
| Who is the first person who a child has a relationship with? What happens if this relationship is successful? | First relationship - with parents / main carers. If bond successfully with them, will feel able to make other relationships as grow older. |
| Social development. Complete: We need to ____________, ___________ and care for each other to support them. | We need to comfort, socialize and care for each other to support them. |
| How can characteristics be described? | The unique differences that each of us has. |
| What are characteristics? | Features of person that determine the way he/she looks, behaves, feels and thinks. |
| What is the NATure argument? | A persons characteristics are inherited from their parents. |
| What is the NURture argument? | Certain types of behavior and attitudes are learnt from parents/main carer/ individuals in our lives. |
| What does PIES stand for? | PHYSICAL, INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL |
| Explain the physical development in the childhood life stage. (3 - 8 yrs) | - young children greater control of bodies + develop range of complex physical skills. - improve balance, control and coordination develop skills e.g skipping, catching all, riding bike. - loses body shape and gradually develops shape/properties of adult. Growth spurt in middle of childhood. |
| Complete: Piaget became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their _______ answers on the questions that required _______ thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important __________ between the thinking of _______ and _______. | Piaget became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their WRONG answers on the questions that required LOGICAL thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important DIFFERENCES between the thinking of ADULTS and CHILDREN. |
| What age is the sensorimator stage of development? | 0 - 2 yrs |
| What is the Piaget's stage of development called for the 0 - 2 yrs age range? | sensorimator |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is the Preoperational stage in? | 2 - 7 yrs |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for 2 - 7 yrs? | Preoperational |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is concrete operational? | 7 - 11 years |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for the 7 - 11 yrs age range? | Concrete Operational |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what age range is Formal Operational? | 11+ yrs |
| For Piaget's stages of development, what is the stage called for the age range 11+ yrs? | Formal Operational |
| Give some examples of uses of FINE motor skills that INFANTS may use. | - build towers - hold spoon - use mouth and lips to feel objects |
| Give some examples of uses of GROSS motor skills that INFANTS may use. | - Rolling form side to side - crawling -Walking - Climbing - Kicking |
| How does an adolescents brain think different to an adults? (Intellectual) | Thinks different to an adults e.g. some may be more willing to to an adult in a mature manner than others. |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs). | - Growth spurt in height and heavier (both) - Breasts (girls) - Voice breaks (boys) - Menstruation (girls) - Pubic / underarm hair (both) - Penis/testes grow larger (boys) - hips widen for childbirth (grils) |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs). | - Widen vocab - change from concrete thinking to abstract thinking (theoretical thinking) - Prefer peer interaction whilst learning . |
| Explain EMOTIONALdevelopment of an adolescence (9 -18 yrs). | - likely to turn to friends rather than family. - girls more emotional (cry/angry) whilst on period. - More self conscious, especially about physical appearance e.g less confident without makeup - more intimate relationships with same/ different sex - own opinions on right / wrong |
| Explain SOCIAL development of an adolescent (9 -18 yrs). | - more aware of / influenced by social networking sites. - influenced more by friends, especially behavior and self esteem. - Seeking more responsibility and independence - Friendships v important -peer pressure (e.g. alcohol/drugs) - Wearing right clothes important |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs). | - Grey hair start to develop - more fatty tissue, take longer to recover from efforts. - dye hair,anti wrinkle cream, botox |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs). | - Develop thinking /problem solving skills - develop intellect skills further through education, training, prob solving everyday work situations - new knowledge from having children |
| Explain EMOTIONAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs). | - Anxious, stress about children - more self control / self awareness than adolescents - emotionally challenging e.g. marriage, divorce |
| Explain SOCIAL development of an adult (19 - 45 yrs). | - Family priority over friends - Go out separate more than as couple |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of someone in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs). | - Hair loss, slower movement, reduced stamina/muscle power - reduced hand/eye coordination, deteriorating eyesight, wrinkles - skin loses elasticity - menopause... ... hot flushes ...sleep disturbance ...more freq need to urinate |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs). | - Abstract thinking/good memory - educ develop further through training/prob solving at work / everyday situations. - New knowledge/skills from personal life e.g. having children/work changes |
| Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs). | - midlife crisis -marriage/divorce/loss of elderly parents (challenging) - emotionally mature/more self control/self awareness |
| Explain SOCIAL development of a person in Middle adulthood (45 - 65 yrs). | - changes in existing relationships - individual trying to achieve position in society |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs). | - weakening of bones (osteoporosis) as calc and protein lost from bones - loss of hearing - reduced mobility (usually from muscle wastage/brittle bones/stiff joints) - decline in structure + funct of body |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs). | - Think speed/response time decline (intelligence/mental ability not usually lost) - Dementia - effect memory and confused more easily, possi lose speech/other activity controlled by brain. - use mentally stimulating activites (e.g. Sudoku) - maintain intellect as adults |
| Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs). | - come to terms changing fam relationships (children move into early/mid adulthood. Death of parents/friends, ending prev work/pers roles) - experience life events/transitions e.g. becoming grandparents/retiring. -insecurity/loneliness if social contact reduced |
| Explain SOCIAL development of a person in later adulthood (65+ yrs). | - oppertunities to join in social activities / meet others in social situations. - busy social life if physically active - Isolated if less mobile |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs). | - good sense of balance - growth spurt (between ages of 5-7) - improve coordination and control, skip, throw, catch accurately |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs). | - Count/use full sentences - knows difference between right/wrong - start to see things from other peoples point of view - simple colours,numbers,sizes,symbols |
| explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs). | - able to say how feel - understand if happy/sad - developing mental image of themselves (self image) |
| Explain SOCIAL development of a person in childhood (3-8 yrs). | - Choose own friends/wider circle - understand how to share/take turns -develop independence -cooperate with other children, understand rules/fairness |
| Explain PHYSICAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs). | - cry, urinate, drink, vomit (birth) - roll side to side, reach objects - feed themselves, walk unaided, understand simple requests - |
| Explain INTELLECTUAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs). | - Notices internal feelings (e.g. hunger, thirst) - makes noises with meaning with contentment (when happy), turns towards familiar sounds - Stops/listens when says name, can distinguish from other words - use spoon, drink from cup (6 - 12 mths) - typ vocab 50 words (2 yrs) |
| Explain EMOTIONAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs). | - Smile/giggle when want more - need security (love, routine, looked after by familiar carer) - strong attachment to parent |
| Explain SOCIAL development of a person in Infancy (0 - 2 yrs). | - Little interaction with other children, play near other children no with (parallel play) - Enjoys peek a boo - responds positively to touch, shows emotions to people/situations |
| What is intellectual development? | How individuals organize ideas/make sense of wold around them |
| What does ECOGENIC mean? Which type of people are ecogenic? | ECOGENIC - only see world from own point of view Infants are ecogenic |
| What life stage do people reach sexual maturity? | Adolescent |
| What life stage do people reach Physical maturity? (when reaches full height/peak of physical fitness) | Adulthood |
| Differences in Adolescent and parent/grandparent clothing | - Teenagers wear well known brands - Teenagers take longer to get ready - Teens wear more makeup than parents / grandparents - Parents - more practical clothing - religion influence way people dress e.g. Muslim women not allowed to show hair. |
| What physical factors affect growth/development? | - genetic inheritance: each cell 2 sets 23 chromosomes - 1 set from each parent - genes responsible for ... illness, disabilities, diseases |
| Asthma - is it inherited? | Inherrited. if 1 of parents has asthma, more likely to develop it. |
| Down syndrome - inherited? | Genetic mutation. Affects normal physical development, causes learning difficulies |
| Cystic fibrosis - inherited? | Genetic mutation. inherits mutated version of gene. lungs and digestive system clogged with sticky mucus |
| What is a degenerative illness? Examples? | Illnesses that get worse over time, often genetic. E.g. Alzheimers dis - affects ability to do daily activities.Loss of mem. Arthiritis - painful inflammitaion/stiffness to joints. e.g. knees, neck. hips etc Dementia- mem loss, problem thinking/prob solving |
| Genetic learning disabilities? | - Down Syndrome - Autism |
| Lifestyle choices: complete: The choice we make In life about our ________,________, _______, ___________ and drug use will also affect growth and development. | The choice we make n life about our DIET, EXERCISE, ALCOHOL, SMOKING and drug use will also affect growth and development. |
| Explain how diet affects growth and development. | DIET... Overweight: type 2 diabetes osteoarthritis Underweight: period stops fatigue weak bones low blood pressure |
| Explain the PIES of anorexia. | P - dry yellow skin, disrupted mens cycle ,muscle weakness I - Lack of focus in school, forgetful, E- poor bod image, depression, anxiety. S - isolation, depression |
| Explain PIES of bulimia | P - tooth decay, heart failure, dehydration I - lack focus, forgetful E - shame/guilt, depression, low self esteem S - avoid others, no energy to socialise |
| Explain PIES of obesity | P - inc risk cardvas disease/cancers/strokes, high blood pressure I - difficult to reach full potential, sluggish/tired (affect mem/focus). self esteem hinder intellect abillities E- depression, anxiety, low self est, bod dissatisfaction S - more likely suffer prejucice/discrimination (e.g. employment, school) |
| How can the lifestyle choice DIET affect growth/development? | Healthy diet: improves bod image, contains nutrients needed for growth/develompment Unhealthy diet: weight gain -} pressire on joints. Illness e.g. diabetes/heat disease |
| How can the lifestyle choice DRUGS affect growth/development? | - illness disease, reduce judgement, affect mem/focus, anxiety/depression, negatively affect relationships, infertility (women) |
| How can the lifestyle choice SMOKING affect growth/development? | - Illness/disease, effect unborn child, social isolation (e.g. if not considered acceptable) |
| How can the lifestyle choice EXERCISE affect growth/development? | regular exercise: strengthens joints, imp mobility + stamina, prevent illness /disease, imp mood Lack of exercise: red stamina/strength, red mobility, affect mental health negitively |
| How can the lifestyle choice ALCOHOL affect growth/development? | - reduce judgement, negitively affect relationships. |
| How can having a wide circle of friends benefit you? | pos impact on emotional/social wellbeing - have people to talk to when faced with unexpected life event (e.g. death of family member, serious illness) |
| How will a child moving away from her friends affect her growth and development/ how will she feel? | P - anorexia may develop as may fee its her fault that they moved I - not able to concentrate at school E - Depressed, lonely, low self esteem as may think its their fault have moved S- isolation. not confident around others, since doesn't interact with any friends. |
| What is SOLITARY PLAY? | 1st yr - plying alone e.g building blocks |
| What is PARALLEL PLAY? | 2 yr - playing alongside someone/copying. e.g copying older siblings, wearing mums shoes, pretending to put on lipstick |
| What is SOCIAL PLAY? | playing/interacting with others (e.g. tig) |
| What is COOPERATIVE PLAY? | sharing, using imagination, involved in role play (e.g. pretend to make cup of tea, dressing up/learning about different jobs.) Learn about important skills/how to build relationships/behave as friend. |
| Why is it important for children to share? | - stubborn as get older - selfish/ungrateful - no friends as get older/isolated -reputation as 'only child' - spoilt |
| How does playing with other children develop PIES skills in children? | P - park: swings, climbing trees etc - muscle strength. Coordination playing football. vit D from sun I - focus at school as nothing to worry about, E - won't feel sad/confused S - gain confidence/sharing skills, build leadership/friendship skills. |
| What age do children demonstrate solitary play? | 0 - 2 yrs |
| What age do children demonstrate parallel play? | 2 - 3 yrs |
| What age do children demonstrate social and cooperative play? | 3 - 8 yrs |
| What would be a positive / negative celebrity role model? | positive - charity work, promoting healthy body image (e.g. Kate Middleton) Negative - drugs (e.g. Justin Bieber) |
| What would be a positive / negative Parent role model? | Positive - respective, loving, good relationships, shape morals for child Negative - other priorties beside children (smoking, drinking etc) If racist - influence child |
| What would be a positive / negative Teacher role model? | Positive - intelligent, work hard in life Negative - smokes, mot bothered about class |
| What is a gender role? | A role that is determined by a persons gender |
| How has gender roles changed over the years? | past - men went to work, women stayed at home cooking/cleaning/looking after children Today - men and women go out to work, share household chores |
| How are people treated differently depending on their gender? | Boys - called names for doing certain sport e.g. dance Girls - called lesbians for liking 'boys' sport e.g. fooball Parents - may be stricter if boy hits girl than if girl hits boy. |
| ECONOMIC FACTORS: positive/negative physical effects of manual jobs | - POSITIVE: Improve muscle/stamina - Negative: Injury + muscular / skeletal problems |
| ECONOMIC FACTORS: positive/negative physical, emotional, social effects of high/low income. | P: positive - high income = better health (due to housing cond, diet) negative: - low income = impact lifestyle (eg diet) poor health E: positive - sec income = contentment (happy) Negative : insec income = fam relationships suffer - financial worries S - positive: higher income = more independnce negative: low income = restric oppertunites for socialising |
| 2 possible effects of persons occupational status on their emotional development | - high status job (e.g. lawyer) self image improve - feel contentment as think v intellectual - low status jobs (e.g. factory. worker) anxiety/low self esteem - impression that aren't intellectual / capable of higher status jobs. looked down on by society |
| What is social isolation? | People who don't have regular contact with others. |
| What can social isolation be due to? | - live alone - unemployed - no access to social situations - can't easily leave home due to illness/disease - discriminated against and/or excluded |
| What are the effects of social isolation? | - lose ability to build relationships/friendships - stress/anxiety - no one to share worries with - insecure, lack of contentment memory loss + recaall |
| How might persons culture affect the way they interact with society? | e.g. Muslim woman examined by male doctor forbidden as don't allow any physical contact with another man |
| what is an EXPECTED life event? | Events that happen to most people during the course of their life. |
| Examples of expected life events? | - starting school - starting work - marriage - parenthood - moving -owning a house |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of starting nursery/school/collage/uni | positive: - new friendships - learn/develop new skills - improve self esteem Negative: - anxiety about new routines/meeting new people - young children = insecure leaving parents for 1st time |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of getting new job | positive: - independence - improve self image + self esteem - new skills e.g. creative thinking, problem solving Negative: stress / anxiety |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of living with partner/getting married/entering civil partnership | positive: -feel secure and content - develop intimate relationships Negative: - loss of independence - have to share |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of moving house/area | positive: - exciement as new challenge - new friendships/relationships Negative: - loss of friends -anxiety/stress of moving - feel isolated |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of becoming a parent | positive: - feel content - improved emotional well being - strong attachments Negative: - worrying about responsibility - feel tired - loss of independence |
| EXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: positive and negative effects of retirement | Positive - reduced stress - socialize more with family/friends Negative - loss of relationships e.g. friends from work - Negative self image - lose mobility/fitness |
| What is an UNEXPECTED life event? | Events that happen during the course of live that cannot be predicted. |
| examples of unexpected life events | - death of someone close - ill health - promotion - dropping out education - redundancy - imprisonment - accident/injury |
| What is redundancy? | When a company no longer needs a particular job, so they let the employee go. |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of accident/injury/ill health | lack of mobility, depression, restriction in social activities, lack of interest in social appearance |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of death of someone close | - feeling of loss/grief - low self confidence - loss of friends - unable to cope/function @ work |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of dropping out of eduction | low self esteem, loss of friends, restriction in social activities |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of imprisonment | depression, loss of social contact, low self esteem, loss of independence |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of promotion | - improved self esteem - positive self image - loss of independence |
| UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS: possible effects of redundancy | lower self esteem, stress, fewer opps for learning/developing skills, less opps to interact/develop relationships, opps to train for new job |
| How can unexpected life events affect the individuals friends/family? | relationships - damage to relationships between partners and other fam members emotional stress on partners / fam / friends as people need physical / emotional support from them distress - family / friends may find hard to accept new situation. |
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