23908503
Description
Flashcards by Sam Adeyiga, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Adeyiga
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| List all systemic (oral) corticosteroids [Hint: MPP] | 1. Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol) 2. Prednisone (Deltasone) 3. Prednisolone (Millipred, Orapred) |
| List all Inhaled corticosteroids [Hint: BBC - F] | 1. Beclomethasone (QVAR, HFA Reihaler) 2. Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaher) 3. Fluticasone (Flovent HFA) 4. Ciclesonide (Alvesco HFA) |
| What is the difference concerning the use of systemic (oral) corticosteroid and inhaled corticosteroid? | 1. Systemic (oral) corticosteroid is used as both rescue and maintenance agents. 2. Inhaled corticosteroid is used as maintenance agent ONLY |
| List all common SABAs (Inhalers for Rescue). | 1. Albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir HFA & ProAir RespiClick) 2. Albuterol neb solution 3. Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) 4. Levalbuterol (Xopenex) neb solution 5. Racemic Epinephrine (Asthmanefrin, EpiMist, Primatene Mist HFA) |
| List all common LABAs (Inhalers for maintenance) | 1. Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) 2. Vilanterol + fluticasone = combo (Breo Ellipta) 3. Vilanterol + Umeclidinium = combo (Anoro Ellipta) |
| List all common Systemic B2 agonists | 1. Albuterol (tabs and syrups) 2. Terbutaline (Brethine) (tabs and Injection) ** They are used only after inhaled meds are not possible. |
| List the common SAMA * Short Acting Muscrarinic Antagonist ** Anticholinergics | Ipratropium (Multidosin) |
| List the common LAMAs * Long Acting Muscrarinic Antagonists ** Anticholinergics | 1. Tiotropium (Spiriva Respimat) |
| List all common CysLT1 Receptor Antagonists * Leukotriene Modifiers ** ~ Lukasts | 1. Montelukast (Singular) 2. Zafirlukast (Accolate) |
| List the common 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors *Leukotriene Modifiers | Zileuton (Zyflor CR) |
| List the common Mast Cells Stabilizers | Cromolyns (Intal) |
| List the common SELECTIVE PDE4 * Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | Roflumast (Daliresp) [Only for COPD] * Do not memorize this name |
| List the common NON-SELECTIVE PDE4 * Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | Theophylline |
| Significant AEs of Corticosteroids are ------ ? | 1. Oropharyngeal candidiasis 2. HPA axis suppression 3. induced myopathy of the vocal cord = dysphonia 4. Reflex cough 5. Bronchospasm |
| Significant AEs of B2 agonists are ------ ? [Hint: TTHQ] | 1. Tremor 2. Tachycardia 3. Hypokalemia 4. Prolonged QT interval (cardiacarrhythmia) w/ overdose |
| Significant AEs of LAMAs * Long Acting Muscrarinic Antagonists ** Anticholinergics = Ipratropium | 1. Dry mouth 2. Metallic taste in the mouth * they do NOT cause urinary retention and constipation like other anticholinergics bc they do not distribute to the CNS. They only remain in the lungs. |
| Significant AEs of cromolyn (Mast Cell stabilizers) are ------ ? | 1. Bad taste 2. Sore throat 3. cough |
| Why does Ipratropium need to be dosed multiple times a day? | Ipratropium has a short duration of action. Hence, needs to be dosed multiple times. |
| Why does aclidinium dosed BID for COPD? | Aclidinium is dosed BID for COPD bc 1. it has longer duration of action 2. has slower dissociation rate from M1 and M2 |
| Why does tioptropium dose once a day for COPD? | Tiotropium is dosed QD for COPD bc 1. it has longer duration of action 2. has slower dissociation rate from M1 and M2 |
| Describe the MOA of Montelukast and Zafirlukast? * Both are Leukotriene modifiers ** Both are CysLT1 receptor antagonists (CRA) | 1. Montelukast and Zafirlukast are "ligands" that fits into CysLT1 receptor (CR) and block the binding of LTD4 to CysLT1 receptor 2. CRA + CR = stopping of inflammation |
| Describe the MOA of Zileuton? * It is a Leukotriene modifier ** It is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor | 1. Zileuton selectively binds to 5-Lox enzyme. 2. Inhibits synthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes like LTD4 and LTB4 |
| Explain the benefits of Theophylline. * A non-selective PDE inhibitor. | 1. Theophylline is an enzyme that breaks down intracellular cyclic nucleosides like cAMP, cGMP which are needed in cell signaling. 2. Theophylline inhibits hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP by PDE, thereby reducing inflammatory processes. |
| What is the therapeutic range of Theophylline? | 5-15 mcg/mL |
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