2400045
Description
Flashcards by anisha1999, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by anisha1999
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Health | A state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
| Physical health | All body systems are working well |
| Mental health | You feel good about yourself |
| Social health | Have the support of friends and an awareness of your own role in society |
| Fitness | The ability to meet the demands of the environment |
| General fitness | Being in general good health and able to carry out everyday tasks comfortably |
| Suppleness/Flexibility | The range of movement around a joint |
| Strength | Applying a force against a resistance |
| Static Strength | The greatest amount of force that can be applied to an immovable object e.g. Holding the opposition in a rugby scrum |
| Explosive Strength | Muscular strength used in one short, sharp movement e.g. A hit in a game of hockey |
| Dynamic Strength | The muscular strength needed to support your own body weight for a prolonged period of time e.g. Carrying out a long rally in tennis |
| Speed | How fast you can move part, or the whole, of your body Achieved through a combination of reaction time and movement time |
| Somatotype | How the body is made up in terms of bone, muscle and fat |
| Stamina/Endurance | The ability to keep going with a movement or an activity for a relatively long period |
| Muscular Endurance | The ability of a muscle, or a group of muscles to keep working against a resistance |
| Cardiovascular Endurance | The ability of the heart and lungs to keep supplying oxygen in the bloodstream to the body to provide energy to sustain physical movement |
| Specific Fitness | A level beyond general fitness where you are able to meet the higher, more specific, demands of an activity or sport |
| Co-ordination | The ability to properly control your body when performing a physical action e.g. Controlling your body after you have played the pull shot in Cricket |
| Agility | The ability to change the position of the body quickly while keeping the whole body under control |
| Power | The combination of the maximum amount of speed with the maximum amount of strength |
| Reaction time | How quickly you respond to something e.g. How quickly you respond to the starting gun in the 100m sprint |
| Balance | Being able to maintain your equilibrium (centre of gravity), over a particular area of support |
| Timing | Ability to act at the right moment |
| Exercise | A form of physical activity primarily done to improve fitness |
| Muscle tone | The partial contraction of muscle at rest |
| Posture | Your body is in the position that puts least strain on your muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones |
| How age affects performance Injury and disease | -As age increases, more likely to suffer injuries -Longer recovery time -Increased chance of disease |
| How age affects performance- Skill | -Can improve due to growth -Experience gained over time |
| How age affects performance- Physical/Mental maturity | - Younger people cannot cope with too much information |
| How age affects performance- Diet | - Body metabolism slows down as you get older, tendency to gain weight. Especially from age of 40 upwards. |
| How age affects performance- Reaction time | - Decreases with age. |
| How age affects performance- Strength | - Maximum strength will not be achieved until late teens or early twenties. - Peaks at around 30 and then declines up to 40% from the age of 30 upwards |
| How age affects performance- O2 capacity | -Reduces with age. A 50 year old has a reduced capacity compared with a 20 year old |
| How gender affects performance- Rate of maturity | - Girls mature earlier than boys, competition when young can be fair - From age 11, boys start to overtake girls in terms of height, weight and strength. |
| How gender affects performance- Strength | -Males have more muscle than females -Males are 33% stronger |
| How gender affects performance- Cardiovascular endurance | -Males have a larger heart and lungs, and more blood |
| How gender affects performance- Bone structure | -Males tend to have bigger bones which make them larger and heavier than females. - Female pelvis is wider than males. Males more narrow pelvis allows power to be transmitted to the lower body more effectively. |
| How gender affects performance- Speed and power | -As males have bigger bones and more muscle they can move faster and generate more power |
| How gender affects performance- Flexibility | -Females are more flexible than males |
| How gender affects performance- Body fat | - Women have a higher percentage of body fat than males |
| Endomorph | - Short and rounded - Tendency to gain weight - Short legs in relation to rest of body |
| Mesomorph | -Basic Y-shape -Well muscled and flexible shoulders -Long arms and legs -Narrow waist and lightweight legs |
| Ectomorph | -Tall and thin -Short waist -Long legs |
| Culture- religion | Culture: the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular people or society -Many Muslim cultures have specific dress codes -Many Muslims fast during Ramadan- can affect performance while training and competing -Some devout Christians refuse to train/compete on Sundays, as this conflicts with their religious beliefs. Also the case for some Jewish faith performers- cannot compete at certain times. |
| Culture- gender | Issue of gender is often linked closely with religion due to the fact that many religions have strict guidelines that apply specifically to females. |
| How the environment affects performance- weather | Affects training and competing - e.g. Marathon runner may not be able to carry out distance runs in poor weather |
| How the environment affects performance- pollution | Air pollution Health risk for anyone to exercise in polluted areas. Affects breathing- negative impact on physical impact. |
| How the environment affects performance- Altitude | High altitude- low levels of oxygen. When training here body will get used to training and creating energy with less oxygen. Return to sea level- body can train for longer |
| How the environment affects performance- humidity | Amount of water vapour in the air. Humidity + heat = Difficult for performers to keep their bodies cool enough and avoid dehydration |
| How the environment affects performance- terrain | Landscape- specific to particular sports. e.g. Skiing requires slopes |
| Role of UK Sport in ensuring sport in the UK is safe | - National Governing Bodies - Affiliated Clubs - Officials - Participants |
| Safety and Risk Assessment (5 parts) | - Correct technique - Correct clothing/equipment - Correct footwear - Following the rules - Etiquette |
| (Safety and Risk assessment) Etiquette | The unwritten rules of behaviour a player stands when competing |
| Disability Categories | - Physical and Mental - Permanent and Temporary |
| How sports are adapted for Disabled Athletes | - Sports- e.g. Goal ball - Equipment- e.g. Ball with ball bearings in for the blind (Goal Ball) - Facilities e.g. Necessary for all leisure facilities to have ramp access |
| Seasonal Training- Closed Season | - Complete break - Rest and recuperation - Recovery from injuries - 6 to 10 weeks |
| Seasonal Training- Out of season | - Light training with a gradual build up to a good level of aerobic fitness - May also build up strength and endurance - Light skills training with non-competitive games |
| Seasonal Training- Pre season | - High intensity interval and weights training - Flexibility and pressure 'skills' training - Practise matches |
| Seasonal Training- Playing/Peak season | - Playing once or twice a week - Maintenance and light weight training - Speed work - Quality rest and appropriate diet |
| All year round sports | Players participate in indoor and outdoor events throughout the year, around the world. |
| Warm weather training | Training abroad in a warm climate |
| Physiological | Body |
| Psychological | Mind |
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