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Description
Flashcards by laurenwalker_02, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by laurenwalker_02
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Habitat? | A habitat is the environment where an organism lives e.g. its address. |
| What is a Population? | A population is all the organisms in one habitat |
| What is Population Size? | The number of individuals of one species in a particular area |
| What is a Community? | All the populations of different species of organisms living in a habitat at one time |
| What is meant by the term niche? | The niche is the role an organism has in its community |
| What is the difference between Abiotic and Biotic Factors? | Abiotic is the non living factors that effect a community or habitat whilst biotic are the living factors that have influence on the environment. |
| What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Succession? | Primary succession- happens on land newly formed or exposed e.g. where volcano has erupted to form new rock surface Secondary Succession- happens on land that's been cleared of all plants but where soil remains e.g. after a forest fire |
| What is the name given to the species that are the first to colonise an area during succession? Give examples of them | Pioneer species or opportunists e.g. lichens, mosses, algae |
| What happens in Primary Succession? | Pioneer species colonise the rocks. They penetrate rocks to break into grains and trap organic material that will break down to form humus. Grains and humus are the start of soil formation.Once there is soil more species can grow including ferns and grasses. They die and decompose and leave nutrients in the soil.This allows larger plants to grow and for soil to become more suitable and for biodiversity to increase. Leading to a Climax Community. |
| What is a Climax Community? | A climax community is where biodiversity and range of species are generally constant. Self-sustaining and usually the most productive group of organisms which that environment can support |
| Can Succession be prevented? If so give an example | Yes, for example human activities such as mowing the grass can prevent succession as growing points of the woody plants are cut off by the lawn mower so larger plants cant establish themselves. Only the grasses could survive being mowed. So this is the climax community |
| What abiotic factors can affect abundance and distribution in a habitat? | Light Temperature Wind and Water currents Water availability Oxygen availability Edaphic Factors: soil structure, mineral content, pH |
| What are the biotic factors that affect the abundance and distribution in a habitat? | Predation Finding a mate Territory Parasitism and Disease Competition: intra/interspecific |
| What is the difference between Intraspecific and Interspecific competition? | Intraspecific competition is when organisms from the same species compete against each other for the same resources. Interspecific competition is when organisms from different species compete against each other for the same resources. |
| What is an ecosystem? | An ecosystem is all the organisms living in a particular area and all the non-living (abiotic) factors |
| What is a Phagioclimax? | When succession is stopped artificially, e.g. cutting/ mowing the grass |
| What is are producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers defined as? | Trophic levels |
| How do you calculate efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels? | net productivity of a level/net productivity of previous level x100% |
| Why isn't all of the energy available taken in as GPP in a plant? | Plants cant use all the light energy available as some is reflected, some passes straight through the leaves and some has different wavelengths Some of the light also hits non photosynthesising parts |
| Why isn't all the available energy taken in by consumers? | Some parts of the food aren't eaten by the consumers that contain energy Some parts of the food are indigestible. |
| What is GPP? | GPP is the rest of the energy available that is taken in around 40% |
| What is NPP? | NPP=GPP-respiration Is the amount of energy available to the next trophic level |
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