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Flashcards by levans, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by helen.rebecca
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the study of classification called? | Taxonomy |
| What is Phylogeny? | The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms |
| What is classification? | The act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences. |
| What are the 8 taxonomic groups? | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| What are the key features of organisms in Kingdom Prokaryotae? | Prokaryotic Unicellular No nucleus Less than 5µm Few organelles Smaller ribosomes 2 groups: true & ancient bacteria |
| What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Protoctista? | Eukaryotic Usually live in water Unicellular or simple multicellular They're put into this group as they don't fit anywhere else Feed heterotrophically or autotrophically |
| What are key features of organisms found in Kingdom Fungi? | Eukaryotic Chitin cell walls Either saprotrophic or parasitic Include unicellular yeast & threads called hyphae |
| What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Plantae? | Eukaryotic Multicellular Cell walls made of cellulose Can photosynthesise Contain chlorophyll Autotrophic (produce their own food) |
| What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Animalia? | Eukaryotic Multicellular No cell walls Heterotrophic (consume plants & animals) |
| What is the binomial system of naming organisms? | A universal latin name with 2 parts 1st part is the genus name (& has a capital letter) 2nd part is the species name (& doesn't have a capital) The name is always either underlined or written in italics |
| Classification used to be solely based on observable features. What is it now based on? | 1) Molecular evidence (e.g. DNA base sequences) 2) Embryological evidence (e.g. similarities in an organisms early development) 3) Anatomical evidence (e.g. structure & function of different body parts) 4) Behavioural evidence |
| What is the 3 domain classification system? | It works with the 5 kingdom systems, & has 3 'domains' which are above the kingdoms. The 3 domains are: Bacteria, Archaea & Eukarya The system takes into account the large differences between ancient & true bacteria |
| Define species | A group of similar organisms able to reproduce to give fertile offspring |
| Define habitat | The area inhabited by a species. It includes the physical factors, like the soil & temperature range, and the living (biotic) factors like food availability and predator presence. |
| Define biodiversity. | The variety of living organisms in an area |
| Define habitat diversity | The number of different habitats in an area. |
| Define species diversity. | The number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area. |
| Define genetic diversity. | The variation of alleles within a species (or a population of a species). |
| What can we do to ensure the areas sampled are random when measuring the biodiversity of a habitat? | The habitat being sampled could be split into a grid, and a random number generator could b used to pick out coordinates. |
| What is species richness and how can it be measured? | It's the number of different species in an area. It's measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of different species. |
| What is species evenness and how can it be measured? | It's a measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area. It's measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of individuals of each species. |
| What is the equation for Simpson's index of diversity? What does the result show? | D=1-(∑(n/N)^2) Where n=Total number of individuals of one species N= Total number of all organisms of all species. Result is always between 0 and 1 The closer to 1 the result is, the more diverse the habitat |
| Describe the current estimates of global biodiversity. | 1) There 1.5-1.75m named species. 2) Scientists agree that a large proportion of species haven't been named yet. Some haven't even been discovered. 3) Estimates normally range from a total 5-100m species. Most recently, 14m species has been suggested. |
| Define variation | It's the differences that exist between individuals. |
| Define intraspecific and interspecific variation. | Intraspecific: variation within a species. Interspecific: variation between different species |
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