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| Question | Answer |
| Some basic facts ( 2) Hint: autotroph or heterotroph, evolved from? | AUTOTROPH YOU DUMBASS, evolved from charophytes ( green algae) |
| Evidences (5) that plants come from green algae( charophytas especially) | 1. Homologous chloroplasts 2. both have cell walls that contain cellulose 3. both store food as starch 4. similarities in sperm structures 5. similarities in cytokinesis ( cell division) |
| Function of root or root like structures? | anchor the plant absorb water and nutrients from soil YOU DUMB OR WHAT? |
| conducting vessels, 2 types, name | XYLEM AND PHLOEM |
| Function of Xylem | 1. transport water and minerals upward from the roots 2. composed of dead, tube-shaped cells ( tracheids) 3. form a microscopic water pipe |
| Function of PHLOEM( duh, you better remember Xylem as well) | 1. transport productiosn of photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant 2. composed of living cells arranged in tubules |
| differences between xylem and phloem | XYLEM: 1 way, water and minerals only Phloem: 2 ways, products of photosynthesis from leaves to rest of plant |
| what are these conducting vessels made of ? | lignin, structural support |
| 3 kind of adaptations plants made in order to survive on dry land | 1. Developing roots 2. Conducting vessels so they can take nutrients and water from soil 3. reproductive adaptations |
| tell me about Reproductive adaptations | Since plants can no longer rely on water to carry their gametes and disperse their fertilized eggs, the plant develops -zygote retained within the parent -a pollen which consists of male gametophyte which can travel a long distance -seed : protects the embryo, contains food supply |
| Gametophyte is haploid or diploid? | haploid, it comes from spore |
| gametophyte produces... | gametes ( sperm or eggs) |
| Sporophyte, diploid or haploid? | diploid, it comes from an egg and a sperm ( 2n) |
| Sporophytes produce... | spores |
| Gametophyte is larger than sporophytes for mosses, true or false | true, sporophyte is larger than gametophyte in all other plants tho |
| What prevents plants from drying? | Waxy cuticle |
| Function of stomata | pores on the surface of leaves 1. gas exchange ( CO2 and O2) 2. Water evaporation |
| what are guard cells? | They open and close stomata |
| Give me the order of evolutionary development of 4 groups of land plant | 1. Seedless, non-vascular 2. Seedless, vascular 3. Seed, vascular ( 3. germosperms 4. Angiosperms) |
| Phylum Bryophyta belongs to which group of land plant? | seedless/non-vascular ( ex: mosses) |
| gametophyte is dominant, doesn't have vascular system | phylum Bryophyta |
| Do not contrain true roots, have rhizoids instead | Phylum Bryophyta |
| Movement of nutrients is still by diffusion | phylum bryophyta |
| What does phylum Bryophyta lacks of... | 1. Vascular system 2. Cuticle 3. Seed 4. Pollen, flowers, fruit |
| Phylum Pterophyta is in which group | seedless/vascular |
| function of vascular system | transport substances up and down the plant ( usually sugar) |
| Characteristics of seedless/vascular | Vascular system leaves contain waxy cuticle no pollen, fruit or flower |
| Example of Phylum Pterophyta | Fern |
| True or false, in fern, sporophyte is dominant life form | TRUE |
| for phylum pterophyta...the gametrophyte is.... | -small -grow on or below the surface -produce both the egg and sperm -water is still needed for fertilisation |
| Seed/vascular group, its' seed has | Sporophyte embryo : food supply and protective coat enhance plant ability to survive and reproduce on land Wind and animal can disperse seeds no need of water |
| Adaptation seed and vascular group | a) reduction of gametophyte : no longer independent, obtain food from mother, protection from UV radiation b)Pollen: becomes the male gametophyte, no need of water |
| What is sporophyte embryo? | good supply and protective coat |
| 2 kind of classification of seed and vascular group, based on the presence or absence of chambers in which seeds mature | Germosperms and Angiosperms |
| Phylum coniferophyta is .... | Germosperms |
| Germosperms has or lack enclosed chamber for seeds? | it lacks chambers where the seed develops ( NAKED SEED) |
| For conifers, the pine tree is... | sporophyte |
| 2 kind of cones, female and male, give me the characteristics of the male one | MALE: give rise to pollen grain which contains gametophyte |
| Female cones, characteristics | has multicellular nutritive tissue contrains the ovule: which develop into the female gametophyte, and when fertilized develops into pine seed |
| ANGRIOSPERMS is also called... | phylum anthrophyta |
| Phylum Anthrophyta is a a flowering plant? | YESSS, it's the most evolved form, produces flowers and fruit |
| Angiosperms have enclosed chambers for seeds? | YES, protective chamber at the base of the flower ( ovary, which matures into fruit) |
| Which group has a refined vascular system? | Angiosperms, with xylem cells called tracheids ( elongated, tapered cells) and vessel elements |
| What are flowers? | specialised for reproduction containing both male and female structures insects or animals can transfer pollen |
| Fruits are.... | mature ovary which protects dormant seed and aides in their dispersal |
| how do fruits disperse? (3) | 1. Shaped like a kite 2. have burrs that cling to animal furr 3. edible fruits that passes through digestive tract of animal and carry it to another destination |
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