AS Psychology: Research Methods Keywords

Description

Definitions; pros and cons
Beth Strain
Flashcards by Beth Strain, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Asterisked
Created by Asterisked over 9 years ago
Beth Strain
Copied by Beth Strain over 9 years ago
30
1

Resource summary

Question Answer
Lab Experiment PROS: I.V Manipulated; High Control of E.V's; Easy to Replicate; Can conclude Cause & Effect CONS: Eco-validity issues; Higher chance of Demand Characteristics; Artificial Setting/Situation
Field Experiment PROS: I.V controlled only; Higher eco-validity; Can conclude cause & effect; Reduced demand characteristics; CONS: More time consuming
Natural Experiment PROS: No manipulation; High eco-validity; Useful for studying the unethical CONS: Quasi-experiment; Can't conclude cause and effect.
Questionnaires (List of Q's; Highly Structured; Written) PROS: Open & Closed Q's; Cheap way to collect data; Easy to analyse (closed Q's); Can be anonymous (confidentiality) CONS: Sometimes Q's are ambiguous; Data not as rich (closed Q's); Social Desirability Bias
Interviews ('Spoken Questionnaire'; Structured, Semi-Structured and Unstructured Interviews) PROS: Large amount of rich data; Semi-Structured interviews allow flexibility CONS: Cost of training interviewer; Time-consuming; Hard to replicate (unstructured/semi-structured); Social Desirability Bias
Aim General Statement about investigation; reasonably precise E.g - to see if age affects the duration of the Short Term Memory.
Hypothesis Testable, predictive statement tested to see if true; either a predicted difference or relationship between variables.
Hypotheses Directional/ One-tailed: States direction of predicted statement Non-Directional/ Two-tailed: States difference between conditions; doesn't specify direction.
Repeated Measures: Same PP's used in both conditions (Y) - Participant Variables eliminated; fewer participants used (N) - Order effects (fatigue, boredom); Can't use same resources/materials
Independent Groups (Different group for each condition) (Y) - No order effects; Same stimuli used; Reduced demand characteristics (N) - More participants needed; Can't control participant variables.
Matched Pairs (PP's closely matched and put in separate groups) (Y) - No order effects; Good for controlling participant variables. (N) - Difficult to find exact match; More participants needed.
Types of Sampling Opportunity: Whoever you can get (family and friends) Volunteer: Volunteers (people interested in study) Random: Arbitrary selection of people (names out of hat)
Naturalistic Observation (Y) - No manipulation; High eco-validity (N) - No control of E.V; Ethical issues (consent, right to withdraw)
Controlled Observation (Y) - High control of E.V (N) - Reduced validity (demand characteristics); Low eco-validity E.g - Ainsworth's Strange Situation
Validities Internal: Is your study measuring what it's meant to? External: How useful are your findings to more than one sample?
Observation Types Participant/Overt: Researcher takes part Non-participant/Covert: Participants are unaware they're being studied
Demand Characteristics Participants change behaviour due to study/experiment 1) Social Desirability Bias: Changing responses to appear more socially appealing 2) Screw You Effect: Changing responses to affect validity of experiment
Investigator Effects Whatever the investigator might do that could influence results. e.g. - using a specific tone of voice Controlled through 'double blind technique'
Ethical Issues TOP 3 Ethical Issues or 'DIP' 1) Deception (solved through debriefing) 2) Informed Consent (solved by attaining consent) 3) Protection of Participants (solved through right to withdraw)
Pilot Study Small scale study conducted to identify any design issues (Y) - Improves Internal Validity
Show full summary Hide full summary

Similar

Ethics In Psychology Research
amberbob27
Inclusive Education: Efficacy Research
Maisie Rose Woodward
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Jessica Phillips
Social Psychology As level
Gurdev Manchanda
Milgram (1963) Behavioural study of Obediance
yesiamanowl
Concepts of Attachment
scarlettrosiex
Biological Psychology - Stress
Gurdev Manchanda
Psychology A1
Ellie Hughes
History of Psychology
mia.rigby
Psychology subject map
Jake Pickup
Memory Key words
Sammy :P