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| Question | Answer |
| What is variation? | Differences that can be seen between individual members of a species. |
| Explain discrete variation | In discrete variation, differences are clear-cut and fall into distinct groups. Discrete variation is caused by a single-gene inheritance. |
| Give some examples of discrete variation | The ability to roll one's tongue, eye colour, PTC tasting. |
| Explain continuous variation | In continuous variation there is a range of variation between the extremes of a characteristic. Continuous variation is caused by a polygenic inheritance (many different genes are involved). |
| Give some examples of continuous variation | Body height in humans and body mass in humans. |
| Why does discrete variation arise? | Because individuals carry different alleles of the discrete genes for a characteristic. |
| What is the phenotype of an organism? | The organism's outward appearance of a characteristic it has, as a result of genetic information inherited from the parents. |
| What is an allele? | Different forms of a gene that produce different phenotypes. |
| What is the genotype of an organism? | A statement of the alleles it has for a characteristic. |
| What does the genotype code for? | The phenotype. |
| What are dominant alleles? | Alleles that always show in the phenotype of an organism that has them. |
| What are recessive alleles? | Alleles that only show themselves in the phenotype if an organism has inherited one from each parent. |
| What does a homozygous organism have? | Two copies of the same allele of a particular gene;one from each parent. |
| What does a heterozygous organism have? | Two different alleles of the same gene;one from each parent. |
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