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| Question | Answer |
| The process for photosynthesis is... | . Carbon dioxide is taken in by the leaves and water is taken up by the roots . The chlorophyll traps the light energy needed for photosynthesis . This energy is used to convert the carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) |
| What can we identify by testing leaves with iodine solution? | We can identify the starch in the leaf and show that photosynthesis has occurred. Variegated leaves have patches of green (with chlorophyll) and white (without chlorophyll). Only the green patches will turn the iodine solution blue-black to show that starch has been made. |
| What is meant by the term 'limiting factor'? | Factors that limit the rate of a reaction e.g. temperature, pH, light levels (photosynthesis) |
| Limiting factor - carbon dioxide | The effect of increasing CO levels on the rate of photosynthesis at a particular light level and temp. Eventually another factor becomes limiting. |
| Limiting factor - light intensity | The effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis |
| Limiting factor - temperature | The rate of photosynthesis increases steadily with a rise in temperature. After this, enzymes are destroyed and the reaction stops |
| Independent variable | The one being tested |
| Dependent variable | The one you measure |
| The glucose produced by photosynthesising may be... | . Converted into insoluble starch for storage . Used for respiration . Converted into fats and oils for storage . Used to produce cellulose which strengthens cell walls . Used to produce proteins. |
| What is meant by the term 'mineral ions'? | Chemical needed in small amounts as part of a balanced diet to keep the body healthy |
| What is meant by the term 'nitrate ion'? | Ion that is needed by plants to make proteins. |
| What is meant by the term 'biomass'? | Biological material from living or recently living organisms. |
| What factors must be controlled in a greenhouse to improve plant growth? | . Temperature . Light intensity . The amount of carbon dioxide available. |
| Physical factors that may affect the distribution of organisms are: | Temperature Availability of nutrients Amount of Light Availability of water Availability of oxygen Availability of carbon dioxide |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - Temperature | For example, Arctic plants are small which limits the number of plant eaters which can survive in the area. |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - availability of nutrients | Most plants struggle to grow when mineral ions are in short supply and again few animals will survive in that area. |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - amount of light | Few plants live on a forest floor because the light is blocked out by the trees. Shaded plants often have broader leaves or more chlorophyll. |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - availability of water | Water is important for all organisms so few will live in a desert. If it rains in the desert then plants grow, produce flowers and seeds very quickly. Then there will be food for animals. |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - availability of oxygen | water animals can be affected by the lack of oxygen. Some invertebrates can live at very low oxygen levels, but most fish need high levels of oxygen dissolved in water |
| Affecting the distribution of organisms - availability of carbon dioxide | Lack of carbon dioxide will affect plant growth and consequently the food available for animals |
| What is meant by 'quantitative sampling'? | Sampling that records the numbers of organisms rather than just the type |
| What is a 'transect'? | A measured line or area along which ecological measurements (e.g. quadrats) are made |
| What is a 'quadrat'? | A piece of apparatus for sampling organisms in the field |
| What is meant by 'sample size'? | The size of a sample in an investigation |
| 3 points for checking how valid data is? | Reliable Repeatable Reproducible |
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