RBT Training - Definitions

Question	Answer
Determinism	Things happen for a reason in systematic and functional way. Lawful and orderly way
Empiricism	The practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest (behavior).
Behavior analysis	consists of 3 major branches. Behaviorism, experimental analysis of behaviorism, and applied behavior analysis (ABA)
Experimental Analysis of Behavior	natural science approach for discovering orderly and reliable relations between behavior and various types of environmental variables of which it is a function. What are relations between behavior and environment.
ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis)	As science, a systematic approach to understanding behavior of social importance. as practice, the application of behavior analytic principles to improve socially important behaviors.
Behavior	behavior of organism is portion of organism's interaction with it's environment that is characterized by detectable displacement in space through time of some part of the organism and that results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment * what do we do Behavior is neither good or bad (don't make assumptions)
Responce	What happens after a behavior
Responce class	a group of responses with the same function (each response in the group produces same effect on the environment) e.g. different ways to open a door.
Repetoire	Refers to all the behaviors that a person can do. More often the term denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks.
Environment	everything going on around the behavior of organism. Includes context, temperature, noise, etc.
Stimulus	an energy change that effects an organism through it's cell receptors *stuff in the environment that has effect on the organism.
Antecedent	refers to environmental conditions or stimulus changes that conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest *what happened before the behavior we are interested in began.
Consequence	a stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest what happens after behavior? *it is not something punishing or not fun
respondent	elicited or brought out by stimuli that immediately precede them. e.g. The antecedent stimulus (bright light) and the response it elicits (pupil constriction) form a functional unit called a reflex. Respondent behaviors are essentially involuntary and occur whenever the eliciting stimulus is presented.
Respondent conditioning	new stimulus can acquire the ability to elicit respondents (pairing with antecedent).
Habitutation	If the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short span of time, the strength or magnitude of response will diminish, and in some cases may not occur at all.
Operant	not elicited by preceding stimulus but instead are influenced by stimulus changes that have followed behavior in the past.
fre operant	duration, rate, frequency, etc of behavior absent of any restrictions *How often would you watch TV if there was no restrictions?
Three term contingency	a concept for expressing and organizing the temporal and functional relations between operant behavior ad environment antecedent --> Behavior --> consequence
Establishing operation	A) an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object or event, B) an increase in current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event (sleep deprived --> more sleep)
Abolishing Operation	A) Decrease in the reinforcing effectivness of some stimulus, object or event... B) a decrease in current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event.
Pivitol Behavior	behavior that once learned produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other adaptive, untrained behaviors. e.g. grip to write name
Behavioral Cusp	behavior that has consequence beyond change itself. Some considered important e.g. walking.
Multiple Exemplar Training	Instruction that provides Practice with response topographies to help ensure that acquisition of desired response forms and also promotes response generalization in the form of untrained topographies. E.g. putting down multiple pictures of pizza, and knowing that they are all pizza.
Verbal Behavior (Skinner)	the behavior of an individual that has been reinforced through the mediation of other person's response. Verbal Behavior involves social interactions between speakers and listeners
Speaker	gain access to reinforcer and control environment through the behavior of listeners.
Listener	must learn how to reinforce speakers verbal behavior, meaning listeners are taught to respond to words and interact with speakers.
how many classes of verbal operents?	4; echoic, tact, mand, interverbal
Echoic	stimulus is auditory and response is speaking (echoing what one hears - repeating what's heard)
Tact	type of verbal behavior with the response form controlled primarily by an immediately prior stimus (an object, action relation, property, etc.) Naming or identifying objects, actions, events, etc. Saying Pizza because you see a pizza (expressively label)
Mand	A type of verbal behavior with the response form or topography (stimuli) controlled by a current unlearned or learned Establishing Operation (EO) asking for reinforcers that you want like saying pizza because you want pizza (requestiong/asking)
Interverbal	type of verbal behavior with the response form controlled by 1) a verbal stimulus (product of someone's verbal behavior but not simple, 2)the response does NOT have point to point correspondence. Answering questions, conversations controlled words
Point to Point correspondence	a relation between stimulus and response (product) that is in effect when subdivisions or parts of stimulus control subdivisions or parts of response (product) but controlled and controlling parts don't resemble one another in physical sense of similarity. asking a question in two different ways that will give the same response e.g. Where is the dog, Alan? Can you point to the dog?
formal similarity	where controlling stimulus and response product are 1)in same sense mode (both are visual or auditory or tactile) and 2) resemble each other in the physical sense of resemblance (look alike, sound alike, feel alike).
Textual	verbal operant that has point-to-point correspondence, but not formal similarity between the stimulus and response product e.g. stimulus verbal, response auditory (reading out loud, saying pizza after reading)
transcription/ taking dictation	verbal behavior which a spoken verbal stimulus controls a written, typed or finger spelled response e.g. writing or spelling words spoken to you
Autoclitic	changing the inflection of your voice to elicit a different response from listener. e.g. It's raining today (get umbrella) vs. it's raining today? (check the weather) Audio: Audio Clip 1 (audio/mpeg)
Private events	Those events that take place within an organism's skin or are otherwise only accessible to the organism (what is going on inside of you)
multiple control	convergent: multiple variables --> one response Divergent: one variable --> multiple responses
Baseline	rate, duration, literacy, etc. of the behavior of interest prior to manipulation of environment.
confounding variable	uncontrolled variable known or suspected to exert an influence on the dependent variable.
Internal Validity	experiments that show convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the individual variable and are not a result of uncontrolled or unknown variables are said to have high degree of validity.
external validity	degree to which a study's results are generalizable to other subjects, settings, and/or behavior (how applicable results to wider group).

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	Created by Jacqueline Fontenot about 4 years ago