26198610
Description
Flashcards by Diamond Sapphire, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diamond Sapphire
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the layers of the heart wall? | 1. Endocardium 2. Myocardium 3. Epicardium |
| The inner layer of the heart wall lining the ventricles and atria completely, and also covers the cardiac valves | endocardium |
| The middle layer of the heart wall and the thickest layer; primarily composed of cardiac muscle fibers | Myocardium |
| The outermost layer of the heart wall; visceral layer of pericardium | epicardium |
| Endothelium: continuous simple squamous epithelium subendothelium: dense irregular CT subendocardium: loose CT that contains small vessels, nerves, and purkinje fibers | Endocardium |
| this node entrains the pace of the heart | S-A node |
| this node relays the pace | A-V node |
| purkinje fibers end in ___ | ventricles |
| T/F Purkinje fibers have no contractile function | True |
| ___ is the principal tissue of the heart | myocardium |
| the cardiac skeleton is made of what 3 parts? | Fibrous rings Fibrous triangle Fibrous part of the interventricular septum |
| What is the purpose of cardiac valves? | to prevent backflow of blood |
| cardiac valves are covered by ___ on both sides | endocardium |
| What are the 3 main blood vessels? | - Arteries (away from the heart) - Veins (to the heart) - Capillaries (connects arteries and veins; nutrient/waste transfer site) |
| What are the 3 layers of a typical blood vessel? | 1. Tunica intima/interna 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa/adventitia |
| Tunica thickening by the cholesterol deposit induced pathological alteration during ___ | atherosclerosis |
| the vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum are found in which layer of blood vessels? | Tunica externa/adventitia |
| The most prominent and thickest layer of arteries is the ___ ___ | tunica media |
| T/F in elastic arteries the IEL is prominent and easy to see | False; IEL is prominent in muscular arteries |
| which type of artery has a tunica media that is rich in smooth muscles: elastic or muscular? | muscular |
| T/F the tunica adventitia is relatively the same size as the tunica media of muscular arteries | True. This is not true of elastic arteries, however :) |
| these small arteries contain roughly 1-3 layers of smooth muscle in their wall; feed into capillary beds | arterioles |
| compared to the lumen of arteries, a vein's lumen is ___ and more ___ | larger, irregular |
| in veins, it is typical for the tunica ___ to be the most prominent layer | adventitia/externa |
| capillaries have a tunica ___ only | intima |
| What are the 3 types of capillaries | 1. continuous 2. fenestrated (complete basement membrane; small pores in endothelial cells) 3. sinusoid (incomplete basement membrane; large pores in endothelial cells) |
| Where are continuous capillaries typically found? | Brain, CT, and muscle tissue |
| Fenestrated capillaries are typically found where? | kidneys, intestine, endocrine glands, etc. |
| is this an artery or a vein? How can you tell? | Artery; tunica media is large and full of elastic fibers |
| is this an artery or a vein? how can you tell? | Vein; thick tunica adventitia and the lumen is large and irregular |
| Is this a muscular artery or an elastic artery? How can you tell? | Muscular artery; very noticeable internal elastic lamina present in tunica intima |
| What is pictured here? How can you tell what this is? | Arteriole; very small and only a few layers of smooth muscle cells |
| Artery or vein? How can you tell? | Vein; large, irregular lumen and the presence of a valve |
| What are the black arrows pointing at within this cardiac muscle? | Purkinje fibers |
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