Kidneys and urinary tract

Question	Answer
the ___ is the functional unit of the kidney	nephron
What are the main components of the nephron?	Glomerulus, glomerular capsule, renal corpuscle, renal tubule
the coiled network of capillaries in the nephron	glomerulus
What are the 8 parts of the renal tubule?	1. proximal convoluted tubule 2. proximal straight tubule/thick descending limb of loop of nephron 3. thin descending limb of loop of nephron 4. thin ascending limb of loop of nephron 5. distal straight tubule/thick ascending limb of loop of nephron 6. distal convoluted tubule 7. connecting segment 8. collecting duct
these 2 structures of the nephron arise from separate segments of the embryonic layers and later join in development	the collecting segment and the collecting duct
Kidneys rest on the ___ ____ muscles	lumbar hypaxial
the parenchyma of the kidneys is divided into the ___ and the ___	cortex, medulla
convergence of the pyramid tips	renal crest
convergence of the collecting duct system	renal pelvis
fat filled space around the pelvis	renal sinus
2 ways nephrons can be classified	based on location of the glomerulus, based on the length of the renal tubule
animals in hot, arid climates are likely to have ___ nephrons	juxtamedullary (i.e. long-looped)
the parietal epithelium in the renal corpuscle is...and transitions to...around the urinary pole	simple squamous simple cuboidal
the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle has cells that are called ___ and have foot processes called ___ to reduce the fenestration of capillaries	podocytes, pedicels
functions of mesangium cells	matrix production, contraction, increase blood flow rate, PHAGOCYTOSIS
Image: 4 D5 Bac10 8 F30 40 D2 Bbe0 E686 Bbd5 Fd1 B (binary/octet-stream)	bladder
Image: E5701 F40 0579 4 E22 8 A41 59 C697447 C56 (binary/octet-stream)	Ureter
Image: 5 Be4821 C 4 E3 D 4721 B781 65 D46 D5953 Bd (binary/octet-stream)	renal pelvis
Within the a longitudinal cross section of the renal cortex, the ___ ___ is represented by the the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule	Cortical labyrinth
Within the a longitudinal cross section of the renal cortex, the ___ ___ is represented by the striations of collecting ducts running between the cortex and the medulla	Medullary ray
The ___ ___ shows the radiation of collecting ducts, proximal straight segment, and the cortical thick ascending limb	Renal medulla
The outer medulla is divided into 2 parts: the ___ ___ and the ___ ____	Outer stripe Inner stripe
The outer stripe of the outer medulla contains which sections of the tubular system of the nephron?	Proximal straight tubules (thick descending limb) and the distal straight tubules (thick ascending limb)
The inner stripe of the outer medulla contains which sections of the tubular system of the nephron?	Thin descending limb and the distal straight tubules (thick ascending limb)
The inner medulla contains which sections of the tubular system of the nephron?	Thin descending limb and thin ascending limb
Proximal tubule has a ___ ___ on the luminal side, rich in microvilli	Brush border
___ side of the proximal tubule has a folded membrane and interdigitations with adjacent cells	Basolateral
Straight proximal tubule is lined with ___ epithelium that transitions to ___ ___ epithelium in the thin descending limb of the nephron loop	Cuboidal; Simple squamous
___ ___ is where the tubule contacts the glomeruli and it’s part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus; the cells here are cuboidal with short, stubby microvilli	Macula densa
What are the two main cells found within the collecting duct?	1. Principal cells (pale staining) 2. Intercalated cells (dark staining)
3 main functions of the collecting duct	1. Secrets K+ 2. Responds to ADH 3. Na+ and Cl- driven H2O absorption
__% of the filtrate is reabsorbed	99
What are the 3 main components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?	1. Macula densa 2. Extraglomerular mesangial cells 3. Juxtaglomerular cells
T/F the thick ascending limb is permeable to water	False
Image: 02 D26500 7 Dde 4277 B913 C8663 E705378 (binary/octet-stream)	cortex
Image: D72 Bccf0 143 A 4826 A5 Ab B793913 Da5 A3 (binary/octet-stream)	medulla
Image: 0 Aaec757 Bfd4 4 A28 8 E63 7 Fab6 Bf7610 A (binary/octet-stream)	renal sinus
Image: 969 E3723 Cf26 4 Ba6 A6 Ad 59 D1 E13281 Ae (binary/octet-stream)	renal crest
Image: 3 A08622 A A2 D7 4209 946 C 813 Dd7 C8 Ea6 C (binary/octet-stream)	renal pelvis
Image: 9 E2920 F9 3 C01 4 C93 893 D 045 C10 C8 A012 (binary/octet-stream)	renal capsule
Image: 9 E7 B7 A63 F1 D6 40 A3 8 Ca0 C41 Aba4071 A7 (binary/octet-stream)	area cribosa
Image: 3 B6 E0391 0 F01 4 Dc0 9 Bb8 069 D06 Ecf9 Ce (binary/octet-stream)	renal pyramid
Image: 8 F927460 47 Da 4 Fb3 9 A13 Edb912597 Bf3 (binary/octet-stream)	glomerulus
Image: 4 D2 B4 C21 7 F1 E 453 F Af21 837 Db4204 A6 C (binary/octet-stream)	macula densa
. Image: 15884 A61 7 A7 E 44 Ee B603 8 D41 Ab280 D53 (binary/octet-stream)	medullary ray
Image: 73 D5 E59 D A90 E 41 A4 A2 C0 Fc438 F610086 (binary/octet-stream)	cortical labyrinth
Image: 603 Abd71 8915 4 B7 A 9582 63 Dbccebf0 F2 (binary/octet-stream)	distal convoluted tubule
Image: Aac2104 D F3 Dc 4 Ef5 845 C 8652 E74299 F1 (binary/octet-stream)	proximal convoluted tubule (notice the brush border)
ureters empty into the ___	bladder
bladder empties into the ___	urethra
___ is controlled by parasympathetic innervation, the ganglion can be found within the structures being innervated	micturition

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Kidneys and urinary tract

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	Created by Diamond Sapphire about 4 years ago