2621791
Description
Flashcards by Elise Paulitsch, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elise Paulitsch
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Social Cognition | how we interpret others behavior and how others interpret ours. If Mary smiles at you, your reaction will be different if you thought she was flirting as opposed to being polite. How we respond to others. |
| causal attribution | Why did Mary smile at me? We draw inferences from the observations we make to make broader conclusions about the world. |
| situational attributions | Explains someones behavior in terms of circumstance rather than aspects of the person. Does Mary smile consistently when you walk in the room? |
| dispositional attributions | Explain someones behavior in terms of factors internal to the person. Thats just the type of person they are. Mary smiled because she is polite. |
| individualistic culture | Cultures that cater to the rights, needs, and preferences of the individual. e.g: the United States |
| collectivistic cultures | cultures that stress the importance of maintaining the norms, standards, and traditions of families and other social groups. View themselves as fundamentally connected with people in their immediate community. |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency to attribute behaviors to a person's internal qualities while underestimating situational influences. |
| implicit theories of personality | Beliefs about what kinds of behaviors are associated with particular traits. Used to develop expectations about people's behavior. |
| Stereotypes | schemas about the characteristics of whole groups that lead us to make broad judgements about the group as a whole. |
| prejudice | a negative attitude toward another person based on that person's group membership. |
| out-group homogeneity effect | The tendency for a member of a group to view members of another group as all alike. "All asians are alike". |
| self-fulfilling prophecies | Beliefs about how a person will behave. When other people have expectations of you, you are more likely to perform the way they want you to perform. |
| attitudes | beliefs that have motivational components and can trigger various emotions. Beliefs can be as diverse as the death penalty and abortion. |
| Central route to persuasion | the process involved in attitude change when someone carefully evaluates the evidence and the arguments |
| peripheral route to persuasion | the process involved in attitude change when someone relies on superficial factors, such as the appearance or charisma of the person presenting the argument. |
| cognitive dissonance | an uncomfortable conflict between ones beliefs, actions, attitudes, or feelings. People attempt to reduce it by making their actions, beliefs, attitudes, or feelings more consistent with each other. |
| self-perception theory | The theory that we know our own behaviors and feelings only by observing our own behaviors and deciding what probably caused them, just as we do when trying to understand others. |
| foot in door technique | Getting someone to agree to a large request after they agree to do a smaller request. Many salesman practice this technique. |
| conformity | A change in behavior due to explicit or implicit social pressure. |
| informational influence | a reason for conformity based on people's desire to be correct |
| obedience | a change in behavior in response to an instruction or command from another person |
| motivated social cognition | thinking about the social world in ways that serve an emotional need, such as when people hold beliefs that help them feel less anxious |
| Milgram experiments | shock experiments testing theories of conformity. Point of experiment was to see how far the participants would go in obeying the experimenter's instructions |
| dehumanization of the victim | thinking about a potential victim in ways that make him seem inhumane (as vermin, or not human, for example) this view makes aggression toward the victim more likely and less troubling to the aggressor |
| compliance | a change in behavior in response to a request from a group or authority |
| norm of reciprocity | the social standard that suggests that a favor must be repaid |
| euphemistic jargon | milder words or phrases used to blunt the effect of more direct or unpleasant words or phrases |
| that's not all technique | a sales method that starts with a modest offer, and then improves on it. The improvement seems to require reciprocation, which often takes the form of purchasing the item |
| mere presence effect | changes in a person's behavior due to another person's presence |
| social facilitation | the tendency to perform simple or well-practiced tasks better in the presence of others than alone |
| social inhibition | the tendency to perform complex or difficult tasks more poorly in the presence of others |
| social loafing | a pattern in which people working together on a task generate less total effort than they would have if they had each worked alone |
| deindividuation | a state in which am individual in a group experiences a weakened sense of personal identity and diminished self-awareness |
| Stanford Prison Experiment | Study of the effect of roles of behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The study was ended early because of the "guards" role-induced cruelty |
| group polarization | a pattern in group discussions in which each member's attitudes become more extreme, even though the discussion draws attention to arguments that could have moderated their views |
| risky shift | a pattern in which a group appears more willing to take an extreme stance than any individual members would have been on their own |
| groupthink | a pattern of thinking that occurs when a cohesive group minimizes or ignores members' differences of opinion |
| pluralistic ignorance | a type of misunderstanding that occurs when members of a group don't realize that the other members share the same perception. as a result, each member wrongly interprets the others inaction as reflecting their better understanding of the situation |
| bystander effect | one reason people fail to help strangers in distress: the larger the group a person is in, the less likely he is to help, partly because no one in the group thinks it is up to him to act |
| altruism | helping behavior that does not benefit the helper |
| halo effect | the tendency to assume that people who have one good trait also have other good traits |
| homogamy | the tendency of like to mate with like |
| romantic love | an emotional state characterized by idealization of the beloved, obsessive thoughts of this person, and turbulent feelings |
| Romeo and Juliet effect | the intensification of romantic love that can occur when the couple's parents oppose relationship |
| companionate love | an emotional state characterized by affection for those whose lives are deeply intertwined with ones own |
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