Biol 101 chpt. 13

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Biol 101 quiz 13 test
Darien G
Flashcards by Darien G, updated more than 1 year ago
Darien G
Created by Darien G over 9 years ago
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Question Answer
tRNA synthase a protein enzyme that binds a specific class of transfer RNA molecules and binds a specific kind of amino acid to the.
ultrastructure biological structures within a cell that are larger than polymeric molecules but too small to be seen with microscopes.
Microfossil within sedimentary rock, fossils forms of prokaryotic cells that are detectable by microscopy.
Direct panspermia concept that generative life-forms have been seeded on this ( or another) planet by the purposeful actions of intelligent beings.
RNA world prebiotic/probiotic cellular environment in which RNA molecules served both informational and catalytic roles.
L and D forms two nonidentical, mirror image forms of molecule built around an asymmetic central carbon atom.
reduced an atom whose oxidation number has been decreased (by addition of an electron.
methane an organic compound whose molecules are composed of one carbon atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms; also a fuel for cooking.
geothermal vent a break in the deep ocean floor which superheated water emerges; the water often contains reduced inorganic compounds.
abiotic anything not living; usually referring to physical aspects of an ecosystem.
Chronic a condition of disease the recurs through time usually of less severity than a sudden, acute condition or disease.
tip structure a morpholic region on the anterior region of some myccloplasmas; used to adhere to host cells and for motility.
adhesin a biomolecule; usually a protein on the surface region of a cell or structure that enables it to fix itself firmly to the surface of some other structure or host cell.
degenerate in reference to a cell, a biological structure or individual organism whose supposed evolutionary ancestors were larger, more complex or more well adapted.
parasite a microscopic organism living on or in another organism from which its gains nutrients and/or energy a the expense of the other organism.
Host cell a cell that supports the growth or reproduction of a virus, bacterium, or larger microbial form that has either entered or is in close association with it.
Mycloplasma a very small bacterium that lacks a cell wall; appears genetically related to genera Lactobacilllus and Clostidum much larger gram- positive bacteria having cell walls.
extraceullular a structure or process that is found or takes place outside of a living cell.
broth culture usually an aqueos solution containing sufficent nutrients to allow for the growth or maintenance of a particular kind of microorganism or a collection of related microorganisms.
Overlap in genetics a single sequence of DNA or RNA that contains information for two or more coding sequences or genes.
Reading frames a way of commencing the transcribing of a DNA sequence; since a new sequence of mRNA is read in condons of three bases each, there are three possible starting points and three reading frames for the same sequence of bases
Primary flight feather those large feathers on the distal portions of the avian wing which supports flight
Cover feather feathers that cover over other feathers smoothing the contour of the body surface for more efficient air flow.
vertebrae any animal that posses a dorsal, medial sequence of interarticulating bone segements; commonly referred to as a backbone.
airfoil a three deminsional shape designed to cause a desired response in a moving current of air, for example, an airplane wing
keratin light fibrous, sulfur containing proteins that contributing most of the structure of hair nails and feathers
proximal in anatomy located close to the central, internal surfaces of a body.
calamus the rounded, proximal (lower) portion of the shaft of a feather usually containing no barbs.
sheath in living systems a thin layer of cells or tissues or that which covers or protects an underlying structure.
distal far from; in anatomy characterizing structures that are far removed from the central, medial portion of a body or form.
rachis in compound leaves or feathers, a central shaft that supports leaflets or barbs extending laterally from it surfaces
barb a branch that extends laterally from the rachis or shaft of a feather a shaft in its own right supports smaller extensions called barbules.
barbule small keratinous extensions from the lateral surfaces of barbs; structures that impede the flow of air through a flight feather.
Hooklet (barbicel) a small curled projection from a barbule surface that latches into the groove ridge on the surface of an adjacent barbule; hold the barbs of a feather into a closed planar structure.
Preen in birds, the activity of drawing the bill along the space between feather barbs reestablishing hooklet and ridge attachments and thus the integrity of the feather surface.
uropygial gland structure in the base of the avian tail that secretes an oil used for preening and/or waterproofing the feathers.
disulfide bond a covalent bond formed between two sulfur atoms that helps stabilize the secondary structure of protein molecule.
plaque a localized thickened area or patch on surface such as the skin
epidermis the outermost external layer of cells within the skin many of the cells in this layer are already dead and soon to be sloughed off.
dermal of referring to the deeper, vascularized layer of the skin containing cells that divide to maintain the integrity of the skin as a surface barrier.
follicle the skin derived structure that gives rise to the feathers.
socket wall the outer epidermal surface of an avian follicle that contains and guides the growth of an internal prefeather structure collar-- an inner epidermal surface within an avian follicle that divides off keratinocytes that form the body of a feather.
pulp that internal dermal layer of cells within the follicle that is nutritive of the keratinocytes forming the feather.
planar referring to a flat, nearly two deminsonial surface.
topological referring to the surface contour of a three deminsonal shape
down feather a class of avian feathers that aid homethermic fowl to retain body heat.
theistic evolution the concept that the history of life is a long sequence of selection events operating on a corresponding sequence of divinely chosen mutations in the genetic information.
irreducible complexity a level of orderliness in a system whereby the removal of one component renders the rest of the system inoperable.
neo- darwinian sythesis the version of darwins theory in which Mendelian genes are the informational basis for the variations observed between members of a population
antibiotic a chemical from natural source or from a laboratory that limits the growth or kills microbes, mainly bacteria.
mutagenic any process or substance that causes changes in informational molecules such as DNA or RNA
natural selection that characteristic of the environment that favors the viability and reproductive activity of one individual in a population over another.
selection pressure any force within the environment that reduces the reproductive potential of one variety of individuals in a species over another variety
speciation the formation of two new species from one by an isolating process that allows two populations of a species to become genetically distinct from each other to the point of intersterility.
algorithim a defined sequence of steps. Often repetitive; used to solve math problems.
cybernetics the theoretical study of how highly automatic and inter-articulated systems are controlled.
keel in avian anatomy, the central (medial) pronounced ridge on the sternal bone of the bird where powerful flight muscles attach
sternum the breastbone; a compound, ventral bone to which ribs and skeletal musculature are attached.
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