26253531
Description
Flashcards by Diamond Sapphire, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diamond Sapphire
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Excitable cells that communicate via neurotransmitters; found in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and secretory structures | Neurons |
| "cell body," "Perikaryon;" contain nucleus, cytoplasm, and nissl substance | Soma |
| spheroidal shape; centrally placed; size is directly proportional to size of the neuron. | Nucleus |
| Sex chromatin that may be found in the vicinity of the nucleolus or nuclear membrane | Barr body |
| Why is the neuron's cytoplasm rich in nissl substance? | Because the neuron is extremely active metabolically and requires the need for constant synthesis of structural proteins and metabolites |
| Composed of axon and dendrites | Neuron processes |
| starts at the axon hillock and ends at terminal bouton | Axon |
| The axon terminal of a_ _is usually in contact with the dendrite of a _ _. | pre-synaptic neuron ; post-synaptic neuron |
| The extent of branching of the dendrite is described as... | Arborization |
| What are the 5 categories of neurons? | Unipolar, anaxonic, pseudounipolar, bipolar, multipolar |
| sensory neurons that from the body wall entering the spinal cord through the dorsal root | Pseudounipolar neurons |
| Sensory neurons generally found in sense organs such as olfactory epithelium, retina, and cochlear | Bipolar neurons |
| "Typical" textbook neuron; mostly motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord or cortex of the brain | Multipolar neurons |
| Most sensory neurons are_? | Bipolar |
| a large cell body requires _ excitatory input to become "excited" | More |
| Presynaptic terminals (AKA telodendrons) is usually based on the type of _ that has been detected in the neuron or parts of the brain where they are localized | neurotransmitter |
| _ _ contains cell bodies and _ _ contains mylenated axons | grey matter; white matter |
| Also called the post- synaptic density because it is rich in structural proteins, cytoskeleton, receptors, ion channels, junctional complexes, and enzymes; significant amount on mitochondria present at post-synaptic site. | Postsynaptic membrane |
| what are the 4 types of synapses? | Axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonal, neuromuscular junction |
| chemical junction between a nerve terminal and a muscle spindle | Neuromuscular junction |
| The neurotransmitter acting across the NMJ is...? | acetylcholine |
| Support neurons structurally and metabolically; processes terminate in expansions called end feet | Astrocytes |
| How do astrocytes represent a source of reserve energy? | by storing glycogen and releasing glucose |
| How do astrocytes stop ongoing synaptic activity? | by taking up neurotransmitter molecules from the synaptic cleft |
| Macrophages that are very active in neuroinflammation | Microglia |
| in grey matter _ serve as perineuronal satellites ; in white matter they form myelin sheaths around axons, speeding up action potential propagation in CNS | Oligodendrocytes |
| Form myelin sheaths around neurons in the peripheral nervous system | Neurolemmocytes Aka Schwann cells |
| Form an epithelium that lines ventricular cavities within the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord; typically cuboidal or columnar with numerous motile cilia on their apical surfaces | Ependymal cells |
| Groups of neurons | Nerves |
| ___ ___ is the longest nerve | Sciatic nerve |
| Neurons are held together by what 3 connective tissues? | Epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium |
| Grey or white matter? | Grey matter |
| Grey or white matter? | White matter |
| 1 | Epineurium |
| 2 | Perineurium |
| 3 | Axon |
| 4 | Myelin |
| 5 | Endoneurium |
| Meissner’s corpuscle | |
| Pacinian corpuscle | |
| Neuromuscular junction | |
| Sensory or motor? | Sensory |
| Sensory or motor? | Motor |
| nissl substance | |
| axon | |
| axon hillock | |
| soma/cell body/perikaryon | |
| dendrites | |
| nucleus | |
| ependymal (note cuboidal/columnar shape and cilia) |
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