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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | An amendment is an official law that has been passed by the national government. They were created to control the amount of power that the people and the government can have, and balance America today. |
| Assimilate | To learn something and fully understand the meaning. |
| Bias | To have a strong opinion over something, and to show more support on a certain topic. |
| Bicameral | When legislators are divided into two separate houses. |
| Blockade | A line of ships faced in a pattern to block trade, ports, or ships from entering the blocked area. |
| Boomtown | A town that started small but then gained popularity and many people began to migrate to that area. |
| Capitalism | When a country's businesses are controlled privately. |
| Captain of Industry | A wealthy person who gained there wealth from hard-working, responsibility, and earned there way to the top. |
| Checks and Balances | A system in which the government has separate branches that each look over each others shoulder. No branch has more power than the other. |
| Congress | Congress is apart of the national government, that can override vetoes and impeach bad presidents. |
| Due of process of law | To have the same repeated process happen for everyone, and apart of the fifth amendment. |
| Economics | The section of knowledge dedicated to the production and usage of money. |
| Emancipated | To be free from bondage. |
| Enfranchise | Give the right to vote. |
| Enenumerated | Not listed. |
| Federalism | When there is a state and national government. |
| Forty-Niners | Prospectors attracted to California after the gold was discovered. |
| Free Enterprise | A system where the government doesn't control everything; private businesses. |
| Habeas Corpus | Legal action to get wrongfully detained free. |
| Industry | Production of goods or services within an economy. |
| Judicial | Branch of government pertaining to the interpretation and execution of laws. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A group of Ex-Confederate soldiers who believed in white dominance. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that America should expand east to west. |
| Martyr | Someone who died for a religious cause. |
| Monopoly | Where one company or organization controls a whole system or productions. |
| Nomadic | Someone who doesn't have a certain mindset of a destination; moves a lot. |
| Override | To overtake something. |
| Popular Sovereignty | Where the people have the power. |
| Ratify | To modify or edit a legal document. |
| Radical | To strongly believe in something. |
| Republicanism | The ideology of governing a society or state as a republic. |
| Robber Baron | A "filthy rich" businessmen who will do anything to get money. |
| Rural | An area of land that is low populated. |
| Separation of Powers | Where the government is split into three branches to limit power. |
| Social Darwinism | To fit in with social trends. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote. |
| Supreme Court | The largest court system in the United States. |
| Tariff | A tax imposed on its imported goods and services. |
| Taxation without representation | A belief commonly held by American colonials, that they should not be taxed without representation in the British Parliament. |
| Trade Union | A group of people who promote and protect their common interests. |
| Urban | A densely populated area. |
| Veto | To reject. |
| Thomas Jefferson | One of the founding fathers who later became the third president; signed the Deceleration of Independence. |
| Andrew Jackson | Infamous U.S. Military leader who was known for his success at the battle of New Orleans which greatly increased U.S. confidence. |
| Sacagawea | Helped Lewis and Clark on their famous expedition; find food, avoided Indians, led them across the newly found territory. |
| James K. Polk | The 11th President. Was known as "Mr. Manifest Destiny" because he wanted to get the Oregon territory. |
| Frederick Douglass | Frederick Douglass was born into slavery, however, he later escaped and wrote his own book on his experiences. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | She was a Northern women who was oblivious to slavery until she witnessed a slave being sold. She then wrote a novel about the life of a slave. |
| John Brown | John Brown led the Harper's Ferry Raid and was considered a martyr after he was killed during the raid. The raid was to arm slaves to revolt against the southerners. |
| Robert E. Lee | Was a Southern General who fought during the Civil War. He was notorious through many battles and led the Confederates to victory, but eventually surrendered to the Union. |
| Andrew Johnson | Also known as the "Veto President," Andrew Johnson was the worst president in American history. As the 17th president, he was a Southerner who was supposed to be vice president to Abraham Lincoln, however, since Lincoln was assassinated, Johnson became president. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Susan B. Anthony was a famous Women's Rights activist and abolitionist. She also led the National American Woman Suffrage Association. |
| Sitting Bull | Sitting Bull was a famous tribal chief of the Lakota was one of few Indians that fought back against the "white man." He successfully fought against General Custer. He died because he was thought to be allowing the ghost dance which was a dance that wished the white man dead. |
| George Custer | General George Custer believed he could single-handed take down the Lakota tribe but was defeated at Battle of the Little Bighorn. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Vanderbilt, thought by some people a Captain of Industry, others as a Robber Baron, but Vanderbilt was a rich philanthropist who got his wealth from in railroads and shipping. |
| John Rockefeller | John Rockefeller, a Robber Baron, gained his wealth from oil. Kerosene gasoline became very important, and Rockefeller became very rich from selling this new oil. |
| Jamestown | Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America. |
| Plymouth | A colony in 1620 founded by Pilgrims, whom were passengers of the Mayflower. The First Thanksgiving also occurred here. |
| Lexington and Concord | The battles of Lexington and Concord were the first major battles of the Revolutionary War. Both battles were colonial victories. |
| Erie Canal | After people began to realize how hard it was to navigate through rivers, they built a waterway that ran through New York, originally 363 miles long. |
| The Alamo | A 13-day siege, Mexican troops were ordered to assault the Alamo, killing all the Texan defenders. |
| Harper's Ferry | Harper's Ferry was where John Brown and his sons planned to arm slaves and retaliate against the Southerners but the assault failed and Brown was hung, and all his sons were killed in action. |
| Fort Sumter | Fort Sumter was where the first shots of the Civil War were fired. |
| Gettysburg | Around the town of Gettysburg, Union and Confederate soldiers clashed for three days. The battle had the most casualties and considered the turning point of the war. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Was where General Lee surrendered to Grant and was the final battle of the Civil War. |
| Ford's Theater | On April 14th, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. The killer was John Booth, a Southern actor. He and his colleagues did not plan on murdering him. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | A place with elevation over 4,000 feet above sea level, almost 4,000 workers placed railroad tracks. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | These islands were immigration stations where where immigrants of the United States were detained and interrogated. |
| Declaration of Independence | On July 4th, 1776, the American colonies declared that they were to be separated from Great Britain. |
| Revolutionary War | The Revolutionary War was an armed conflict between the 13 colonies and Great Britain shortly after the Americans declared independence. |
| Articles of Confederation | This was basically the first constitution of America but failed because the government failed to enforce these new laws. |
| Great Compromise | This was an agreement the large and small state had during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. |
| Passing of the Constitution | After the Articles of Confederations failed, the government recreated a new constitution and basically was the supreme law of the United States of America. Made to balance the government. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | The Bill of Rights were the first 10 amendments of the Constitution. Anti-Federalists wanted to ratify the constitution with these amendments. |
| Louisiana Purchase | A deal made between the United States and France. French was poor after fighting wars so they got money by selling the land to the United States. The land was 827,000 square miles and was bought from the French for $15 million dollars. |
| Missouri Compromise | Was a compromise that regulated slavery in western territories, created by Henry Clay. Passed in 1820. |
| Indian Removal Acts | Andrew Jackson passed a law that forced thousands of Cherokee Indians off their land, 4,000 Cherokees were killed in the process. |
| Mexican-American War | James K. Polk wanted to expand America so he wanted to take Mexico after many skirmishes along the Rio Grande border. The war began due to Mexican Calvary assaulting U.S. troops. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and ultimately ending the war with the U.S. with victory. |
| California Gold Rush | After gold nuggets were discovered in the Sacramento Valley in 1848. News spreads and thousands of prospective gold miners traveled to California. A total of $2 billion dollars worth of gold was found. |
| Homestead Act | Signed by President Lincoln, the Homestead Act encouraged western expansion by giving settlers hundreds of acres of land. |
| Industrial Revolution | It was the transitioning of new manufactures from 1760 to 1840. |
| Underground Railroad | Wasn't literally an underground railroad. It was a system slaves used to navigate their ways to freedom in the North. Symbols helped guide them to safe houses. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Was the first women's rights convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the leaders of this convention. |
| Compromise of 1850 | It admitted California as a free state, Utah and New Mexico territories could be slave states based off of popular sovereignty, ended slave trade in Washington D.C., fugitive slaves were easier to recover. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | It mandated popular sovereignty, which allowed the settlers to decide on slavery in the territory. |
| Dred Scott v. Stanford | A decision made by the Supreme Court determined whether slaves had a position to sue in court. Scott had been taken into a free state and sued for his freedom but by a 7-2 majority vote, he was denied. This Act of Congress was ruled unconstitutional. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Laws that allowed the capture and return of runaway slaves within the United States. |
| Bleeding Kansas | The period of violence during the settling in the Kansas territory. After the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, instead of popular sovereignty, proslavery and free state settlers moved in to influence the decision. |
| Civil War | The Civil War was over the issue of slavery, the Union wanted the slaves to be free, and the Confederates wanted to keep their slaves. President Abraham Lincoln intended on carring out with it peacefully, however, the Confederates refused to give in, and the war began. The first shots were at Fort Sumter which ultimately started the bloodshed. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Basically stated that all slaves in states of rebellion are freed. Many Southerners received word that it was slaves in general that were free but Lincoln didn't want to cause any conflict, however, Southerners were in disbelief. |
| Civil War draft riots | Draft riots broke out because poor men that were forced to join the army were angry at the rich who could just buy themselves out of the war. |
| Gettysburg Address | He spoke at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where one of the most bloodiest battles took place. He basically said the principles of human equality and said that they connected the sacrifices of the Civil War for a new birth of freedom. Was 272 words long. |
| Reconstruction | 1865-1877. After the Civil War, the South was in economic decay. The Union's tactics of total war completely destroyed crops, plantations, cities. Abraham Lincoln practically called a country wide rehab; Reconstruction to bring the country back together and to help the south, but didn't work that way the he would've expected it to. |
| Civil War Amendments | The 13th amendment banned slavery, 14th allowed blacks to be born with American citizenship, 15th gave blacks the right to vote. |
| Completion of Trans-Continental Railroad | In 1869, leaders of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific came together and drive a ceremonial last spike into the rail line that connects their railroads. |
| Indian Wars | Conflict between the Americans and Native American Indians grew. The Indians were often moved to reservations because a rich was discovered in their land. This also led to many treaties broken which ultimately caused warfare. |
| Gilded Age | The Gilded Age was the period of extreme wealth in America. People profited from oil, steel, clothes, etc. |
| Populist Party | Farmers in the South and Midwest were suffering from crop failures, falling prices and poor marketing. Based highly off the idea of capitalism. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | An African-American named Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking the Louisiana law. The court rejected his argument, which stated that his constitutional rights were violated. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Andrew Carnegie gained his fame from steel. He was also one of the most richest men during the Gilded Age. |
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