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Flashcards by Jackson Loffredo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jackson Loffredo
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | a change or addon that is made to a legal document (constitution, bill, etc). |
| Assimilate | taking on the characteristics of others, or another group. |
| Bias | prejudice in favor of or against something, an individual, or a group compared to another. |
| Bicameral | a system of having two lawmaking groups in the legislative branch (House of Representatives and the Senate). |
| Blockade | blocking off supplies from entering or leaving a particular area. |
| Boomtown | a town that popped up and grew rapidly during the California Gold Rush. |
| Capitalism | an economy in which an individual and companies run it, not the government. |
| Captain of Industry | innovative bossiness men, who reformed America and made it into the country it is today, they are known for their leadership/business skills, along side their generosity. |
| Checks and Balances | each branch of government can exercise checks, or controls over the other branches, one branch has a some power over the other two branches. |
| Congress | bicameral part of the legislative branch having the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| Due Process of Law | having a fair legal system in which all citizens are treated equally and get an unbiased jury, right to a lawyer, etc |
| Economics | production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
| Emancipated | to free from slavery, oppression, restraint, etc. |
| Enfranchise | to give an individual the right to vote. |
| Enumerated | to mention, or name something one after another in a list giving the right or law to someone or something. |
| Federalism | a type of government in which power is divided between the federal/national, state, and local governments. |
| Forty-niners | an individual who migrated to California in 1849 during the California Gold Rush. |
| Free Enterprise | businesses can be owned by any individual without minimum interference from the government, and businesses can compete for profit. |
| Habeas Corpus | the right for a citizen to be brought before a judge or court, and to be tried for criminal and civil cases. |
| Industry | manufacturing products through machinery and factories. |
| Judicial | the branch of government that is responsible for interpreting laws, and carrying out justice. |
| Ku Klux Klan | a white supremacist group who terrorized . |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that the U.S. should expand its territory westward, coast to coast, we obtained it by buying it, fighting for it, or stealing it. |
| Martyr | someone who suffers greatly or even killed due to their religious beliefs. |
| Monopoly | owning almost all of the market for a particular product or server, causing no competition between businesses and making it impossible to manipulate prices. |
| Nomadic | an individual or group who do not have a permanent home, and move around a lot in search for living necessities. |
| Override | using authority to reject or cancel something. |
| Popular Sovereignty | a government in which the people rule, and are in control of the power. |
| Ratify | to approve, and giving formal consent to something. |
| Radical | extreme, to be noticed and spread your beliefs, but non-violent, i.e. Radical Republican. |
| Republicanism | a form of government in which people elect representatives to carry out their will. |
| Robber Baron | a wealthy person who tries to obtain anything in a way that is wrong, and dishonest, he also does not treat his workers fairly, nor with suitable working conditions. |
| Rural | the country part of a particular area, town, state, etc. |
| Separation of Powers | power is divided equally amongst the three branches of government, legislative, executive, and judicial. |
| Social Darwinism | people, groups, and races can be applied to the same laws of natural selection, the strong grew in power and in cultural influence over the weak. |
| Suffrage | the right to vote in a political election. |
| Supreme Court | the highest federal court in the United States, which consists of nine justices, and overrules any court in the U.S.. |
| Tariff | a tax put on goods being exported or imported. |
| Taxation Without Representation | when the government imposes taxes on a group of citizens, or businesses without the citizens consent or a reason for taxation. |
| Trade Union | a group of workers in the same profession that fight together to force a company to give them fair working conditions, payment, treatment, etc. |
| Urban | the city part of a particular area, town, state, etc. |
| Veto | when a president or governor denies a bill, decision, or proposal made by a law-making body. |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president of the United States, and was a founding father of America. |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the United States, he was also referred to as the "common man president", but he is most known for signing the Indian Removal Act, causing the Trail of Tears,and forcing Native Americans onto reservations. |
| Sacagawea | a Native American guide, and interpreter for Lewis and Clark during their expedition through the Louisiana Purchase and to the Northwest Passage Way. |
| James K. Polk | 11th president of the United States, also known as "Mr. Manifest Destiny", he gained the most land for America any president had ever obtained during Manifest Destiny. |
| Frederick Douglass | former slave who escaped slavery, self taught, and became an abolitionist, believed in equality for all people, he wrote an autobiography telling about his life and what he had witnessed. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, this showed Northerners how bad slavery really was, sparking a rise in the abolitionist movement in the North. |
| John Brown | an American abolitionist who thought the only was to solve slavery was violence, he tried raiding Harper's Ferry and supplying slaves with weapons for a revolt, but was defeated by military forces led by Robert E. Lee, he inspired hundreds of people to fight back, or become an abolitionist. |
| Robert E. Lee | main general for the Confederates during the civil war, he surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9th, 1865, which started the end to the civil war. He dies five years later on October 12, due to Pneumonia |
| Andrew Johnson | vice president for Abraham Lincoln, after his assassination became president, considered to be one of the worst presidents in the history of the United States, he was very lenient towards the South, and nearly let them do whatever they want inside their states. |
| Susan B. Anthony | one of the most famous women in American history due to her role in the Women's Suffragist Movement, she devoted her life to gender equality, but she did not see the day when women got the right to vote. |
| Sitting Bull | chief of the Lakota tribe, Sitting Bull is known for killing George Custer and all of his men at the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, at that time his group became one of the last to surrender their freedom because they didn't want to assimilate to the American culture. |
| George Custer | a U.S. cavalry officer, famous for his great battle, "The Battle of the Little Bighorns" in which Americans fought against, Native Americans (Lakota Tribe). |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | one of the men who built America, also the wealthiest known man. he was an American entrepreneur who made his wealth off shipping and railroads, he also was a philanthropist giving away most of his money to. |
| John Rockefeller | one of the men who built America, also the first billionaire in America, he made most of his wealth off oil, and created the Standard Oil Company. |
| Andrew Carnegie | one of the men who built America, made most of his wealth off of steel, made the Carnegie Steel Company, which eventually became U.S. Steel, upon his death he donated a vast majority of his wealth. |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in North America, but failed due to the scare amount of food, conflict with Native Americans, and disease, in some way succeeded due to their cash crop, tobacco. |
| Plymouth | second permanent English settlement in North America, many settlers came on a ship known as the Mayflower, was a very successful settlement, making peace with the Native Americans, and having the First Thanksgiving. |
| Lexington and Concord | known as the first major battle of the Revolutionary War, fought on April 19,1775, it is also famous for Paul Revere's night ride and the army of minutemen. |
| Erie Canal | started in 1808 and completed in 1825, the canal links the waters of Lake Erie to the Hudson River, this made transporting goods much easier, and many cities began popping up along the canal, this was the first of many major canals to come. |
| The Alamo | where the Battle of the Alamo occurred, men made their sacrifice for freedom here against the oppressive Mexican government, they had held their ground for some time, but eventually Santa Anna had won. |
| Harper's Ferry | located in Virginia, a government controlled fort, also the place where John Brown tried to raid, and take over the armory, but failed. |
| Fort Sumter | located in Charleston, South Carolina, this is one of the two major ports in the South. President Lincoln declared that the Union would hold on to these two ports after the succession. General Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, he eventually captured it causing the Union to surrender Fort Sumter. |
| Gettysburg | located in Pennsylvania, this is where the bloodiest battle of the Civil War took place. as well as where Lincoln gave his most famous speech, the Gettysburg Address. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | located in Virginia, this is where General Robert. E Lee surrendered to the Union and starting the end to the Civil War. |
| Ford's Theater | located in Washington D.C., this is the theater President Lincoln was assassinated at by John W. Booth. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | the point where the last railroad spike was laid down and hammered in, connecting the Union and Central Pacific railroads, and completing the transcontinental railroad. |
| Ellis Island | small island in the New York harbor, opened in 1892 as an immigration station, over 12 million immigrants entered the country through here, but it was eventually closed in 1954. |
| Angel Island | an island on San Francisco Bay, opened in 1910 as an immigration station like Ellis Island, many Chinese and other Asian immigrants entered the country through here, but it was eventually closed in 1940. |
| Declaration Of Independence | a document made and signed by the Continental Congress signed on July 4th 1776 in Philadelphia, it declared our independence from Great Britain, and it also explained why we were leaving |
| Revolutionary War | the war for freedom from Great Britain, it lasted from 1775 to 1783, it was between he U.S. and Great Britain, after the war was one, America had proven that it could be an Independent country. |
| Articles of Confederation | the first official constitution of the United States, but was very vague, and was eventually replaced with the constitution know today. |
| Great Compromise | many small states were upset that they did not get equal say in elections, and bigger states wanted it to be based off of population, eventually they came to an agreement in which every state gets two representatives (Senate), and the rest off population (House of Representatives). |
| Passing of the Constitution | a document laying out the basic framework of our government, it was signed on September 17, 1787 establishing the government of the U.S.. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | the first ten rights a citizen in the U.S. is guaranteed, but it was a long process to add it to the constitution, many states refused to pass the constitution in less the Bill of Rights was added to it guaranteeing the rights of the citizens. |
| Louisiana Purchase | signed by Thomas Jefferson, a deal between the U.S. and the French in 1803 for the Louisiana Territory, it doubled the size of the U.S. gaining us around 838,000 miles of land. |
| Missouri Compromise | this agreement banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°, 30' parallel, but it excluded Missouri which was a slave state already, and Maine which was a free state. |
| Indian Removal Acts (Trail of Tears) | President Jackson forced five major tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw) off their land and forced them to move to the Indian Territory which is now known as Oklahoma, thousands of Indians died while taking this treacherous journey. |
| Mexican-American War | a war between American, and Mexico lasting from 1846 to 1848, it was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gaining us the states we know as today, California, Texas, and New Mexico. |
| California Gold Rush | James Marshall discovered gold in 1848, in the next year, 1849, thousands of people migrated west at the chance of striking rich, this caused many boom towns, along side disease, and violence, but millions of dollars were to be made. |
| Homestead Act | an act signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that made public territory available to be claimed by settlers without payment, around 270 million acres of land was claimed due to this act. |
| Industrial Revolution | the time when America switched from an agricultural society to an industrial society, many new innovations, and inventions happened during this era. |
| Underground Railroad | a network of secret locations, safe havens, and routes for a slave to escape to freedom, it was one of the most successful ways for a slave to escape, it helped thousands of slaves escape slavery to freedom. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | a meeting held for the women's suffragist movement, women from all around the U.S. came to Seneca Falls in New York to voice their opinions, and protest peacefully for getting the right for women to vote. |
| Compromise of 1850 | this compromise determined whether slavery would be allowed in states created from the territory acquired from Mexico, California became a free state, New Mexico, parts of Nevada, and Arizona became slave states, or a region of slavery. |
| Kansas- Nebraska Act | this act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, provided the citizens within the state to vote whether or not slavery would be allowed inside the state, this led to violence between pro-slavery, and anti-slavery advocates. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Dred Scott argued that he was free after his owned had moved into a free state, the supreme court ruled that since he is property he can't be free even in a free state, and that he didn't have the right to be in the court, since he was African American. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | this act required that slaves found in free states to be caught and returned to their masters, it also denied freed slaves the right to a jury trial and other constitutional rights given to any citizen. |
| Bleeding Kansas | a series of violent political confrontations between anti-slavery (Free-staters) and pro-slavery (Border Ruffians), it was caused by the vote slavery in the state of Kansas, which would be made by the people, it lasted between 1854 and 1858. |
| Civil War | also known as the American Civil War, it was a war between the Union (North), and the Confederate States of America (South), that lasted four years (1861-1865). |
| Emancipation Proclomation | a document signed, and issued on January 1, 1863 by President Lincoln during the Civil War, this freed all slaves in the Confederacy, but many slave owners did not listen and still kept them on their plantations. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | violent occurrences in New York city, due to the new laws passed by Congress forcing American men to enlist in the Draft, so if soldiers were needed they could be supplied, violence, and outrage happened all throughout the city. |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln's most famous speech, given after the Battle of Gettysburg, it was about preserving self government. |
| Reconstruction | time period after the Civil War in which we tried repairing the country, it was a very failed attempt due to President Johnson, and his leniency towards the South, tension still ran high all throughout Reconstruction, it was never resolved. |
| Civil War Amendments (13th/14th/15th) | the three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era, which abolished slavery, granted African Americans citizenship, and allowed for African American males to vote. |
| Completion of Tran-Continental Railroad | Union Pacific, and Central Pacific connect at Promontory Point, Utah, completing the Tran-Continental railroad, which spans from east to west, this allowed for people, and goods to be transported more efficiently, and safer. |
| Indian Wars | after the civil war, hundreds of thousands of Americans moved onto the Great Plains, where Western Indian Tribes were already located, Americans fought dozens of engagements with Indians in the West due to this. |
| Gilded Age | the time when the United States experienced intense economic growth, industries and big corporations began popping up all throughout the U.S.. |
| Populist Party | a political party organized in 1892 to represent the common folk against the richer individuals and corporations because they ran political elections at the time. |
| Plessy V. Ferguson | Plessy was of mixed race, he was considered African American, he tried to take a ride on a train car that was for white only heading to New Orleans, he was forcefully moved, but he demanded he see a court, he tried to get the law changed, but it didn't work. |
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