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| Question | Answer |
| Voltage : | Electrical potential energy per unit change (ex. per electron) caused by separation of charge. * Anytime charged objects that are attracted to each other are held apart, we get voltage. Electrons will move toward + charge if a pathway is provided. |
| Voltage Equation : | Voltage = Energy / Charge V = E / Q SL Units: Voltage = Volts - V Energy = Joules - J Charge = Coulombs - C |
| Current : | Is the rate of the flow of electrons. It is the amount of charge that passes a point in the circuit in one second. * Current is caused by voltage and a complete pathway (circuit) from negative to positive. |
| Current Equation : | Current = Charge / Time I = Q / T SL Unit: I is measured in Amperes (Amps) Symbol: A |
| Voltage Equation Practice : A battery moves 30c of charge to the negative terminal and produces 60 J of energy. What is its voltage? | Take Information out the equation: Q = 30c E = 60J V = ? Put it back in the equation: V = E / Q V= 60 / 30 V = 2v |
| Current Equation Practice: Calculate the current if 4500c of charge pass by in 5 minutes? | Get Information out of the question: Q = 4500c T = 5 mins change into seconds - 300s I = ? Put information into the equation: I = Q / T I = 4500 / 300 I = 15A |
| An Ammeter | An ammeter measures the current flowing through it. It can be placed anywhere within the circuit since current is the same everywhere. |
| A Voltmeter | A voltmeter measures the difference in energy per unit charge between 2 places in a circuit, so it is placed around a power source or resistor (such as a bulb). |
| Resistance | Resistance is the ratio of voltage to current. - The higher the resistance in a circuit, the more current is restricted. High resistance = Lower current |
| Ohm's Law | V = IR R = Resistance SL Unit: Ohm - Ω |
| Factors affecting Resistance | Resistivity: The nature of the substances i.e. how easily electrons flow through it. Length: The greater the length the higher the resistance. Cross-sectional Area: The greater the diameter the lower the resistance. Temperature: The higher the temp, the greater the resistance. |
| Power | Power refers to the amount of energy transformed in a given amount of time. P = VI SL Unit: Watt - W * The brightness of a bulb is an example of power. |
| Parallel Circuit | VT = V1 = V2 IT = I1 + I2 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 VT = IT RT |
| Series Circuit | VT = V1 + V2 IT = I1 = I2 RT = R1 + R2 |
| Ohms Law | V = IR |
| Current Other Equations: | I = Q / T I = QE |
| Power ( Watt) Other Equations: | P = VI P = I2 R P = V2 / R P = E / T |
| Resistance Equation: | R = P X 1 / A |
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