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| Question | Answer |
| Blood Vessels | A tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary, ect. |
| The Heart | The heart is a muscular pump, located under the sternum (breast bone). Cardiac muscles keeps on beating without tiring. Every time your heart beats it pumps some blood out of it. This can be detected as the pulse. |
| Composition Of Blood: | Blood consists of red cells, white cells and pate lets floating around in a liquid called plasma. An adult has 5 - 6 litres of blood. |
| Red Blood Cells | Shape: Biconcave discs Special features: No nucleus, haemoglobin (red, contains iron) Size: Tiny Number: Millions, very many more than white. Life: About 4 months Production: Bone marrow, breastbone and vertebrae Speed: very fast, 9000 million per hour Job: Carry oxygen |
| White Blood Cells | Shape: Irregular Size: Much larger than red blood cells Number: Few, there are about 600 red cells to one white. Production: In the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Jobs: To fight infection and protect against diseases. Special Features: They can move like amoeba and pass through the capillary walls. They have a nucleus. |
| Platelets | These are small fragments of cells made in the bone marrow. They help blood clotting at wounds. |
| Plasma | The liquid part of the blood. It is water with many substances dissolved in it, for example, glucose, amino acids, hormones, blood proteins, anti-bodies and ions (e.g. sodium, potassium) |
| Functions Of Blood | - Transport - Temperature Regulation - Defence Against Disease |
| Blood Transports | - Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues - CO2 from the tissues to the lungs - Digested food from the intestine to the tissues - Nitrogenous waste from the liver to the kidneys - Hormones - Heat |
| Capillaries | One of the many very small tubes that carry blood within the body : the smallest kind of blood vessel. |
| Veins | - Return deoxygenated blood to the heart - Walls quite thin - Lumen very wide, contains valves - Blood pressure low - Veins have valves to stop the back flow of blood. - The lumen is the space in the middle of the vessel. |
| An Artery | - Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. - High pressure - Thick outer wall to with stand pressure. - Small lumen - Smooth lining - Thick layer of muscles and elastic fibers |
| Heart Diagram Labelled | |
| Transport Of Oxygen | From the lunges oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells. The oxygenated blood travels to the heart, and the rest of the body. When it reaches a tissue which needs oxygen, the haemoglobin gives up its oxygen and becomes haemoglobin on it own again. The reaction between haemoglobin and oxygen is reversible; it keeps on happening. |
| Transport Of Carbon Dioxide | Carbon Dioxide is carried in the form of hydrogen carbon ions which are dissolved in the blood plasma. The blood picks up CO2 from respiring cells and carries it to the lungs. There, it escapes from the blood and is breathed out. |
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