2708559
| Question | Answer |
| Gastrointenstinal protozoa | ENTAMOEBA HOSTOLYTICA GIARDIA DUODENALIS TOXOPLASMA GONDII |
| Disease caused: | E.hostolytica = AMOEBIASIS in large intestine G.duodenalis = TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA T.gondii = TOXOPLASMOSIS |
| Entamoeba stats | Occurs in large intestine amd causes INTERNAL INFLAMMATION 50m infected worldwide -> mostly tropical countries 85-95% asymptomatic 5-15% asymptomatic E.histolytica invasive form, e.dispar uninvasive form |
| Toxoplasma stats | TISSUE CYST FORMING COCCIDIAN Suggested >30% pop is infected >60% people in US said to be affected High prevalence in france and germany Rare in south korea Usually asymptomatic Problematic fro weakened immune systems and pregnant women |
| Giardia STATS | Global disease Affects up to 2% of adults and 6-8% of children in developing countries Nearly 33% of people in undev countries have already had it Infection rates twice as high in summer infected by contaminated food or water |
| Entamoeba LIFECYCLE | Human ingests mature cyst by contaminated food or water Excystation occurs in small intestine and trophozoites are released Trophozoites migrate to large intestine and multiply by binary fission producing cysts Cysts excreted in formed stool Trophozoites excreted in diarrhoea - uninfective form Trophozoutes cannot survive external environment and if ingested woukdnt survive exposure to gastric environment Cysts can survive days to weeks in extrenal environment because of its outer shell In some, trophozoites invade intenstinal mucus and ingest rbcs = INTESTINAL DISEASE Or through bloodstream, extraintestinal sites such as liver, brain and lungs EXTRAINTESTINAL DISEASE |
| Giardia LIFECYCLE | Human eats or drinks contaminated food containing cysts Cysts excyst in the small intestine and release trophozoites Multiply by longitudinal binary fission Cysts passed in stool, trophozoute passed in diarrhoea |
| Toxoplasma LIFECYCLE | Cats become infected by eating intermediate hosts affected with BRADYZOITE CYSTS Unsporulated OOCYSTS are shed in cats feces (only 7-14 days) OOCYSTS take 1-5 days to sporulate in the environment and become infective Intermediate hosts in nature become infected after ingesting soil, water or plant Oocysts transform into TACHYZOITES shortly after ingestion. They localise in neural amd muscle tissue and deveop into tissue cysts BRADYZOITES The unsporulated oocysts may also by co sumed by animals bred for human consumption Human can consume food or water infected Can handle environmental contaminated boxes eg litter tray Can lay dormant inhuman as bradyzoite Produce cysts in skeletal muscle, eyes, myocardium amd brain |
| Toxoplasma studies | Rats fearless to cats Strong correlation to schizophrenia Women more likely to cheat on husbands Men more aggressive Slower reaction times More likely to be in a car crash |
| Acute toxoplasmosis | 10-20% patients Sore lymph nodes Muscle pains Last several weeks then go away Parasite remains in body as BRADYZOITE Reactivate if become immunosuppressed |
| Toxoplasmosis symptoms | Confusion Headache Fever Nausea Poor coordination Seizures |
| Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause | EYE DISEASE Eye lesions occur in 20-80% of infected individuals when they reach adulthood Born with abnormal enlargement or small head |
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