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National 5 Chemistry-Acids and Bases

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CfE Higher Chemistry (Unit1-Chemical Changes and Structure) Flashcards on National 5 Chemistry-Acids and Bases, created by NinaJasT on 19/05/2015.
NinaJasT
Flashcards by NinaJasT, updated more than 1 year ago
NinaJasT
Created by NinaJasT over 9 years ago
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Question Answer
What does a pH of below 7 indicate? An acidic solution.
What does a pH of above 7 indicate? An alkaline solution.
What does a pH of 7 indicate? A neutral solution.
Why do acidic solution have a oH between 1 and 6? Because they contain H+ ions in greater concentration than in OH- ions.
Why are acids able to conduct electricty? Because all acids contain ions which are free to carry a charge.
State the formulae of some common acids Hydrochloric acid- HCl Sulphuric acid- H2SO4 Nitric acid- HNO3 Ethanoic acid- CH3COOH
What happens when an acid is diluted with water? The concentration of H+ ions is decreased. This increases the pH of the solution toward 7 because the acid is becoming less acidic.
Why do alklaine solutions have a pH between 7 and 14? Because they contain OH- ions in greater concentration than H+ ions.
Why are alkalines able to conduct electricty? Like acids, they contain ions that are free to carry a charge.
What happens when an acid is diluted with water? The concentration of OH- ions is decreased. This decreases the pH of the solution toward 7 because the alkali is becoming less alkaline.
State the formulae of some common alkalis Sodium hydroxide- NaOH Calcium hydroxide- Ca(OH)2 Lithium hydroxide- LiOH
How can acids and alkalis be formed? By dissolving different oxides in water. Soluble non-metal oxides produce acids. Soluble metal oxides (bases) produce alkalis.
What does a nutral solution such as water have? Equal concentrations of OH- and H+ ions which cancel each other out. It is because of this small amount of electricity that water can conduct electrcity.
What is neutralisation? The reaction of an acid with a base such as as an alkali, metal oxide, metal hydroxide or carbonate. This moves the pH of the acid upward toward 7 and the pH of the alkali downwards towrd 7. All neutralisations produce water.
State the three main equations for neutralisation Acid + alkali makes salt + water Acid + base makes salt + water Acid + carbonate makes salt + water + CO2
How is the salt produced? When the ion of the the acid is replaced by the metal ion of the alkali.
Why is water produced? During neutralisation the H+ ion from the acid joins with the OH- ion from the alkali.
What are spectator ions? Ions that are present during the reaction, but are unchanged by the reaction.
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