2807060
Description
Flashcards by Hannah Fletcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Hannah Fletcher
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acid+ carbonate-> | salt+ water+ carbon dioxide |
| Acid + metal-> | salt+ hydrogen |
| Acid + alkali-> | salt+ water |
| Strong acids | Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4) Nitric acid (HNO3) All contain hydrogen (H+) |
| Strong alaklis | Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Lithium hydroxide (LOH) All contain hydroxide (OH-) |
| Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Blue percipitate | Copper Cu+ Cu(OH)2 |
| Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Green percipatate | Iron (II) Fe 2+ Fe(OH)2 |
| Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Brown percipitate | Iron (III) Fe 3+ Fe(OH)3 |
| Flame test Lilac | Potassium K+ |
| Flame test Orange/ Yellow | Sodium Na+ |
| Flame test Crimson | Lithium Li+ |
| Flame test Brick red | Calcium Ca 2+ |
| Add sodium hydroxide (NaOH) warm red litmus turns blue | Amonium NH4 + |
| Add dilute acid Bubbles (CO2) | Carbonate (CO3) 2+ |
| Add nitric acid and silver nitrate White percipate | Chloride Cl- |
| Add nitric acid and silver nitrate cream precipitate | Bromide Br- |
| Add nitric acid and silver nitrate yellow percipitate | Iodide I- |
| Add hydrochloric acid and barium nitrate (BaSO4) | White precipitate Sulfate (SO4) 2- |
| Isotopes | same elements same number of protons different number of neutrons |
| Relative atomic mass | Percentage divided by 100 multiplied by atomic number *Add both totals together* |
| Ions | Elements that react together to gain a full outer shell of electrons either by gaining or losing electrons |
| Reduction | Gaining electrons |
| Oxidaion | Losing electrons |
| Non- metal ions | usually negative |
| Metal ions | Usually positive |
| Ionic bonding | transfer of electrons - Mg (2,8,2) + O (2,6) -> Mg (2,8) + O (2,8) |
| Covalent bonding | Sharing electrons to get a full outer sell -Hydrogen (H2) H-H -Oxygen (O2) O=O |
| Ionic bonding | Between metal and non- metal transfer of electrons Ionic lattice (strong attraction) doesn't conduct when solid Very high melting point |
| Covalent bonding | Between non- metals sharing electrons simple molecular structure (no attraction) low melting point doesn't conduct electricity |
| Mon-atomic bonding (argon) | Singular atom very low melting and boiling point doesn't conduct electricity |
| Ionic bonding (sodium chloride) | Giant ionic structure (alternating + and - ions) High meting point (attraction) conduct electricity (liquid only) |
| Covelent Simple molecular (O2) | small molecules low melting point (weak forces) doesn't conduct |
| Covalent Giant covalent (Carbon (diamond, graphite) | High melting and boiling point (multiple bonds) doesn't conduct electricity (except graphite) |
| Metallic (copper) | Lattice (metal and delocalized electrons) high melting point (attraction) does conduct electricity |
| Empirical formula (simplest ratio of atoms in a compound) | 1. write elements at the top 2. mole= mass/ Mr 3. divide by the smallest 4. write the formula |
| Potassium in water | moves around quickly reacts immediately lights itself melts into ball |
| Sodium in water | floats melts into round ball gives off gas (hydrogen) stays lit (orange flame) |
| Lithium in water | Floats Fizzes/ bubbles Gas given off (hydrogen) Moves around |
| Halogens (Group 7) | Means salt producing (reacts with metals) Non- metallic elements- diatomic (F2, Cl2) Florine & Chlorine (gas) Bromide (liquid) Iodine (solid) "Chlorine" smell (toxic) |
| Chlorine (Cl2) | Colorless in solution and organic solvent |
| Bromide (Br2) | Yellow in solution Orange in organic solvent |
| Iodine (I2) | Brown in solution Purple in organic solvent |
| Making salts | To soluble salts need to be combined |
| Test for oxygen | Glowing splint re-lights |
| Test for carbon dioxide | Bubble through lime water, turns cloudy |
| Test for chlorine | blue litmus paper turns red then white (bleach) |
| Test for ammonia | Red litmus paper tuns blue |
| Test for hydrogen | lit splint, pop sound |
| Identifying ions Salts | First name-> positive ions (cation) Second name -> negative ions (anions) |
| 1 dm3 | 1000 cm3 1 liter 1000 ml |
| Concentration (mol/dm3) | moles / volume (dm3) |
| Siblimation | melting point |
| What is the colour of copper oxide (CuO (s) | Black |
| How to obtain a pure dry salt? | 1. Filter the mixture 2. Wash solid residue with distilled water 3. Dry in a oven or leave in a warm place |
| Titration | 1. use volume and concentration of one reactant to calculate moles 2. use chemical equation to find moles of other reactant 3. calculate the volume or concentration as required of that reactant |
| Periodic table | Groups- across Periods- down Transition- middle Halogens - group 7 Noble gases- group 8 |
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