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Description
Flashcards by Peter Hoskins, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Peter Hoskins
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell membrane | Selectively permeable - controls what enters and leaves a cell |
| Nucleus | Control centre of the cell - contains DNA organised as chromosomes |
| Cytoplasm | Where all the chemical reactions occur inside a cell |
| Mitochondria | Structures in a cell which carry out respiration and release energy |
| Ribosome | Where protein synthesis occurs inside a cell |
| Chloroplast | Found in plant cells - carry out photosynthesis |
| Large cell vacuole | Found in plant cells - contain cell sap and control water movement in and out of the cell |
| Cell wall | Found in plant cells - made of cellulose - provide strength |
| Chromosomes | Made of DNA - genes are found along their length |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of protein |
| Transcription (HIGHER ONLY) | When a copy is made of a DNA strand in the form of mRNA (HIGHER ONLY) |
| Translation (HIGHER ONLY) | When mRNA is used to order tRNA molecules in order to sequence amino acids to make a specific polypeptide (HIGHER ONLY) |
| Double helix | The shape of a DNA molecule - a 'twisted' ladder |
| Codon (HIGHER ONLY) | A triplet of bases - each of which codes for a specific amino acid (HIGHER ONLY) |
| Base pairs | The 'letters; in the DNA alphabet - cytosine (C) , guanine (G) , adenine (A) and thymine (T) |
| Mitosis | Cell division for growth |
| Meiosis | Cell division to produce sex cells (for sexual reproduction) |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane - from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration |
| Diploid | Chromosomes existing as pairs in a cell e.g. in humans the number is 46 (23 pairs) of chromosomes |
| Haploid | The situation where chromosomes exist a single chromosomes in a cell e.g in humans there are 23 single chromosomes in egg and sperm cells |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst made from protein |
| Substrate | The molecule an enzyme 'works on' - catalyses |
| Active site | The part of an enzyme which combines with its' substrate - if its' shape is altered the enzyme will no longer work |
| Denatured | When the shape of an enzyme is changed (e.g. by heat or the wrong pH) so its' active site no longer works to catalyse a reaction |
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