28371695
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Osmond, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jennifer Osmond
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Accommodation | Making adjustments to allow for compromises |
| Acculturation | A change in an individual or group that results from contact with another group |
| Activism | The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change |
| Adam Smith | A famous economist. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the most important economic work in history (see also - Invisible Hand) |
| Affirmation | a positive, assertive action |
| Alternative Energy | energy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, avoiding use of fossil fuels and nuclear power |
| Apartheid | (in South Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race |
| Anti-globalization movement | a social movement critical of economic globalization |
| The Arts | the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies |
| Assembly of First Nations | a political organization representing First Nations in Canada |
| Assimilation | the process by which a minority culture adopts a dominant culture and is absorbed into it. Often involves loss of language |
| Capital | Wealth or assets owned by a person or organization for a specific purpose of investing or starting a company |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on free markets, private ownership of business and industry and the profit motive |
| Citizenship | the status of being a citizen of a particular country |
| Climate Change | a change in global or regional climate patterns due to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by using fossil fuels |
| Cold War | The state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led western powers from 1945-1990 |
| Colonialism | the governing influence of a nation over a dependent country |
| Colony | a territory claimed and ruled by another country |
| Common Good | the benefit of all people |
| Communism | a system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole |
| Conditionality | in political economy and international relations, conditionality is the use of conditions attached to the provision of benefits such as loan, debt relief or aid |
| Constitution | fundamental principles to which a state or organization is acknowledged to be governed |
| Consumer activism | a process by which activists seek to influence the way in which goods or services are produced/delivered |
| Corporate Responsibility | Corporations have a responsibility to groups and individuals that they affect |
| Cultural Revitalization | an effort to restore new life to a culture |
| Culture | the customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious or social group |
| Cultural Contact | the interaction of two or more independent cultures |
| Cultural Diffusion | spreading the beliefs and social activities of one culture to different ethnicities, religions, nationalities, etc. |
| Cultural Imperialism | the culture of a large and powerful country or organization having a great influence on another less powerful country |
| Customs | a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place or time |
| Demand | refers to consumers' desire to purchase goods and services at a given price |
| Depopulation | the action causing a country or area to have a decreasing or smaller population |
| Developed Country | an industrialized or more economically developed country with advanced technological infrastructure relative to less industrialized nations |
| Developing Country (or underdeveloped) | a country with a less developed industrial base and a low human development (HDI) relative to other countries |
| Discrimination | the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things (especially on the ground of race, age or sex) |
| Dissent | to withhold assent or approval, disagree |
| Diversity | a set of conscious practices that involve understanding and appreciating interdependence of humanity, cultures and natural environment. Practicing mutual respect for qualities and experiences that are different from our own |
| Dumping | disposing of garbage, waste or unwanted materials in a careless way |
| Ecological Footprint | the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources |
| Economic Imperialism | When one country has a lot of economic power or influence over another |
| Economy of scale | a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production |
| Emigration | the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another |
| Empire | an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly an emperor or empress |
| Energy Depletion | resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming, fishing, mining, water usage, and consumption of fossil fuels |
| Environmentalism | a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment |
| Ethnocentrism | evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture |
| Eurocentrism | is a worldview centered on or biased towards Western Civilization |
| European Union | a group of 28 counties that operates as a cohesive economic and political block |
| Fossil Fuels | a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms |
| Free Trade | international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas or other restrictions |
| Gender Issues | all aspects and concerns related to women and men's lives and situation in society, the way they interrelate, their differences in access to and use of resources, activities, reactions to changes, interventions and policies |
| General Agreement on Tariff and Trade | a set of multilateral trade agreements aimed at the abolition of quotas and the reduction of tariff duties amont the contracting nations (WTO) |
| Global Citizenship | all about encouraging young people to develop the knowledge, skills and values they need to engage with the world. The belief that we can all make a difference. |
| Global Warming | a gradual increase in the overall of the earth's atmosphere, generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs and other pollutants |
| Global Village | the world viewed as a community in which distance and isolation have been dramatically reduced by electronic media |
| Globalization | the process by which the world's citizens are becoming increasingly connected to and dependent on one another |
| Greenhouse Effect | the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface |
| Gross Domestic Product | the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year |
| Homogenization | the process by which cultures become more alike in terms of values, attitudes, beliefs, customs, language and traditions |
| Human Rights | Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or other status |
| Hybridization | mixing of identities and cultures in new and different ways |
| ICT (Information through Telecommunications) | refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to IT but focuses primarily on communication technologies: Internet, Wireless, Cell phones, etc. |
| Ideology | a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy |
| Information society | a society where the creation and use of information plays a critical role in politics, culture and the economy |
| Infrastructure | the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities |
| IMF - International Monetary Fund | an organization of 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustain economic growth, reducing poverty |
| Investment | the action or process of investing money for profit |
| Imperialism | a system in which a country rules other countries, sometimes having used force to get power over them |
| Immigration | the act of someone coming to live in a different country |
| Individualism | a social theory advocating the liberty, rights or independent action of the individual |
| Industrialization | the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale |
| Integration | providing equal opportunity for participation of different groups in society |
| Invisible Hand | in the economics of Adam Smith, an unseen force or mechanism that guides individuals to unwittingly benefit society through the pursuit of their private interests |
| Knowledge Economy | an economy in which growth is dependent on the quantity, quality and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production |
| Kyoto Protocol | an international treaty among industrialized nations that sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions. The Greenhouse effect is the warming effect of the sun on greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, that act to trap this heat in our atmosphere |
| Legacy | a gift of property, especially personal property, as money, by will; a bequest. Anything handed down from the past as from an ancestor or predecessor |
| Lobbying / Lobbyist | The activity of trying to persuade someone in authority, usually an elected member of a government, to support laws or rules that give your organization or industry an advantage |
| Marginalization | putting a group of people in a lower or powerless position within society |
| Media | the different ways of delivering mass communication, such as newspapers, radio, TV |
| Missionary | a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country |
| Monoculture | the cultivation of a single crop in a given area |
| Multiple perspectives | more than one perspective or point of view |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement - an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries |
| Nationalistic | Having a strong identification with one's nation, especially to the exclusion or detriment of other nations |
| Neocolonialism | the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially dependencies |
| NGO - Non-governmental organization | voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy. Although some NGOs are for profit, most are non-profit |
| Non-status Indian | First Nations peoples who are not registered with the federal government. In some cases they do not qualify for status based on the requirements set out by the federal government in the Indian Act |
| Official Languages Act | a Canadian Law that came into force on Sept 9, 1969 which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them "Official" languages, having preferred status in law over all languages |
| Oral History | the collection and study of historical information using sound recordings of interviews with people having personal knowledge of past events |
| Organic Farming | method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than not choosing to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones |
| Per Capita Income | the total national income divided by the number of people in the nation |
| Pluralism | two or more groups that coexist, recognizing and respecting their diversity |
| Privatization | the transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control |
| Property rights | the rights of people and companies to own and use land, capital, etc. and to receive profit from it |
| Protectionism | Policy of protecting domestic industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors |
| Quality of life | the standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group |
| Quebec Act | Created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763 - It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law |
| Quota | a fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute |
| Refugee | a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster |
| Religion | the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods |
| Renewable Energy | energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power |
| Residential Schools | (In Canada) a government supported boarding school for children from Indigenous communities |
| Responsibility | being responsible, answerable, accountable or something within one's power, control or management |
| Rights | legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement |
| Self Determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government |
| Self Interest | a concern for one's own advantage and well-being acted out of self interest and fear |
| Slash and burn | a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming |
| Socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole |
| Social Darwinism | the theory that individuals, groups and people are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals |
| Sovereignty | a doctrine in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people |
| Specialization | a strategy developed by a business to focus on the production of a very limited range of products or services for maximum productivity |
| Spirituality | the quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things |
| Structural Adjustment Program | loans provided by the IMF and the WB to countries that experienced economic crisis |
| Standard of living | a grade or level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class or individual |
| Status Indian | refers to a specific legal identity of an Aboriginal person in Canada. In 1876 the Canadian Government created the Indian Act to develop criteria for who would be legally considered an Indian |
| Status Quo | the current situation; the way things are now |
| Stewardship | the job of supervising or taking care of something, such as an organization or property |
| Subsidy | a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive |
| Supply | a stock of a resource from which a person or place can be provided with the necessary amount of that resource |
| Sustainability | the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level |
| Sweatshop | a factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions |
| Tariff | a tax on imported goods or services, meant to reduce competition with domestic goods or services |
| Third World | the underdeveloped nations of the world, especially those with widespread poverty |
| Tolerance | the ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behaviour that one does not necessarily agree with |
| Trade | the action of buying and selling goods and services |
| Trade Agreements | a wide-ranging tax, tariff and trade treaty that often includes investment guarantees. It exists when two or more countries agree on terms that helps them trade with each other |
| Trade liberalization | the process of reducing barriers to trade |
| Transnational community | a cultural community that maintains political, social, cultural and economic links between its homeland and its adopted land |
| Traditions | ideas, practices, beliefs, knowledge and customs that are passed down through a group, family, culture or religion |
| Truth and reconciliation commission | a form of restorative justice aimed at the healing of a community broken apart by violence and oppression |
| United Nations | an international organization, with headquarters in New York City, formed to promote international peace, security and cooperation under the charter signed by 51 countries in 1951 in San Francisco |
| UN Security Council | primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. 15 members and each member has a vote |
| Utilitarianism (environmental) | the viewpoint that the environment should be used to serve people and their needs, however humans should preserve and protect the environment because it is fundamental to human happiness and prosperity |
| Values | beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable |
| World Bank | a financial institution, with headquarters in the USA, provides loans to member countries in financial difficulty |
| World Trade Organization | an international organization established to supervise and liberalize world trade |
| World View | a philosophy of life and way of seeing the world |
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