Flashcards
Edexcel A2 Clinical Psychology
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is the Statistical definition of abnormalityThe assumption that anything statistically infrequent is abnormal.
+ we can use empirical data to seperate abnormal and normal behaviour
- depression affects 1 in 4 people so is statistically common but still viewed as an abnormality. - 2what is abnormality as a deviation from social normsabnormality is defined by unusual social behaviour. e.g laughing at a funeral
+ explains cultural differences
- views of what is deemed normal are subjective
- psychopaths are hard to diagnose as they tend to funtion normally in society. - 3what is the DSMan american system used to diagnose and classify mental disorders. It contains symptoms of mental disorders which the doctor compares to their patient.
- 4what are the 3 types of validity linked to the DSMEtiological - group of people diagnosed with same disorder have same factors causing it.
Concurrent - symptoms found that are not part of disorder diagnosed.
Predictive - diagnosis can lead to a prediction of future behaviours. - 5What was the procedure of Brown et al's (1986) study on depressionworking class mothers were interviewed about self esteem, their partner/family and psychiatric illness over the last 12 months. A year later they were interviewed about stressful events in that year and support.
- 6what were the results/ conclusion of Brown et al's (1984) studyOf the women who had depression during the follow up year, 91% had a severe life event in the preceding 6 months.
An increased risk of depression is associated with low self esteem and lack of support, especially in a crisis. - 7what was the conclusion/ results of Gottesman and shields (1966) studyOf the MZ twins where one had schizophrenia, the other was also diagnosed in 42% of cases. For the DZ twins this was only 9%.
There is some genetic link between the likelyhood of being diagnosed with schizophrenia. - 8what are some cultural factors affecting the DSMMental illness is culturally bias.
Sabin - language difficulties and differences might mean misleading translation of symptoms.
Casas- african-americans did not like to share personal info with people of a different race. - 9what was Goldsteins procedurenew York psychiatric hospital
used trained interviewers to go through symptoms to check patients for schizophrenia. looked at gender against rehospitalisations and lengths of stay. - 10what was Goldsteins findings/ conclusionwomen with schizophrenia had a less severe cause of illness than men. women had fewer rehospitalisations and shorter lengths of stay.
DSM 3 was a reliable tool for diagnosis - 11what are positive symptoms of schizophreniasymptoms whereby the patient exhibits extra behaviours that are not normal.
E.g disorganised speech, hallucinations, delusions - 12what are negative symptoms of schizophreniawhereby the person fails to exhibit normal behaviours.
E.g no emotion, lack of social care (apathy), negative thought processes. - 13what is the dopamine hypothesis in explaining schizophrenianeurochemical medication seems to help relieve some symptoms. phenothiazine blocks dopamine receptors, so schizophrenia may be due to an excess amount of dopamine.
amphetamines increase dopamine and make symptoms worse. - 14what is the enviromental breeder hypothesis in explaining schizophrenia.could be linked to lower social class.
social selection theory - schizophrenia causes you to drop class status (social drift)
sociogenic hypothesis - stress from being in a low class can lead to schizophrenia (environmental causation) - 15explain drug therapy as a treatment for schizophreniaantipsychotic drugs help treat hallucinations and delusions.
drugs work by blocking the release of dopamine into the synapse. - 16explain Assertive Community Therapy (ACT) as a psychosocial treatment for schizophrenia.community care programme that focuses on those who need help with rehabilitation, independence and recovery.
the patient is visited in a real life setting by psychiatrists, nurses and social workers. - 17describe unipolar depressionalso known as clinical depression, it affects 1 in 4 people in the UK at some point in their life.
symptoms include fatigue, short attention span, hypochondria, insomnia and often change with age. - 18what is the monoamine thesis in explaining unipolar depressionlow levels of norepinephrine can cause depression and high levels can cause mania.
serotonin regulates other transmitters and without regulation there can be erratic brain functioning and thinking patterns.
dopamine is related to ability to show motivation. - 19what is the Cognitive model of depressionmade by Beck, it focuses on negative cognitive thought processes that people with depression possess.
Negative triad - the self, the world, the future - 20explain drug treatments for unipolar depressionSSRI's increase levels of serotonin.
NRI's increases levels of norepinephrine.
SNRI's (such as venlafaxine) prevent reuptake of both and is used to treat severe clinical depression. - 21explain CBT in treating depressionuses Becks idea that depressed people have negative thought patterns and so tries to train the mind to think more positively.
focuses on finding out the core of the problem and teaching coping mechanisms to deal with these thoughts.
Information
- Description
- A level Psychology Flashcards on Edexcel A2 Clinical Psychology , created by Nyomi Jacobs on 29/05/2015.
- Created by
- Nyomi Jacobs
- Views
- 86
- Tags
- Rating