28497320
Description
Flashcards by Libby Butcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Libby Butcher
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| general formula | a formula that can describe any member of a family or compound (e.g. general formula of an alkane) |
| molecular formula | actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| shortened structural formula | shows atoms, carbon by carbon, with hydrogens attached (e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3) |
| structural formula | shows how the atoms are all arranged and the bonds between them |
| skeletal formula | stick drawings shows bonds of carbon skeleton only and then any functional groups |
| structural isomerism- functional group isomers | chain may be the same but contains a different functional group (e.g. alcohols and ethers) |
| structural isomerism- position isomers | position isomers have the same functional group but it is on a different position on the chain |
| structural isomerism- chain isomers | carbon skeleton may be arranged differently (may be a straight chain or may be branched in a different way) |
| atoms and rotating | atoms can't rotate around double bonds (c=c) like they can around single bonds (c-c) , if they do rotate they become a different molecule (this causes E/Z isomerism) |
| stereoisomerism- E/Z (geometric) isomers | when both molecule has a c=c double bond and the groups are on opposite sides so it looks flipped (mirror images) |
| E-isomer (trans isomer) | when the Hs are across the double bond diagonally |
| Z- isomer (cis isomer) | When the Hs are both above or below the c=c double bond |
| use E/Z isomerism if | the two groups which are the same are Hs |
| use Cis/Trans isomerism if | the two groups that are the same are not Hs |
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