2883881
Description
Flashcards by RosettaStoneDecoded, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by RosettaStoneDecoded
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what are all the food groups you should eat to have a balanced diet? | carbohydrates fats protein fibre vitamins mineral ions |
| what do the different food groups in a balance diet do to help you? | carbohydrates - ENERGY fats - ENERGY/ keep warm protein - growth/ cell REPAIR/ REPLACEMENT fibre - to keep the digestive system smooth vitamins/ mineral ions - keep your BODY HEALTHY |
| what kind of diseases are caused by a lack of certain vitamins or minerals? | deficiency diseases (e.g. lack of VITAMIN C causes SCURVY) |
| what does your body have to do (in terms of energy) to lose weight? | increase the amount of energy needed by the body by doing exercise and this therefore decreases the amount of energy stored as fat |
| what defences does your body have to prevent microorganisms getting into it? | skin hairs mucus platelets in the blood white blood cells |
| what are bacteria like? what do they do? | very small cells produce toxins damage cells |
| what are viruses like? what do they do? | not cells replicate within body cells burst out of the cells when complete this is what makes you fell ill |
| what is the MMR vaccine used for? | mumps measles rubella |
| what are the two main types of white blood cells? what do they do? | phagocytes - engulf the foreign cells lymphocytes - produce anti-toxins/ anti-bodies |
| how does natural resistance occur? | random mutation resistant to antibiotics survive reproduce and pass on resistance |
| why must we not over use antibiotics? | bacteria is more likely to develop resistance |
| what are vaccinations? | dead or inactive pathogens which are injected into the body |
| what are the steps for growing a culture? | - pour hot agar jelly into a sterilised petri-dish - heat an inoculating loop in a flame - apply the culture to the agar jelly using the inoculating loop - replace the lid immediately after applying the culture and tape closed |
| what temperature should the culture be incubated at? | 25 degrees Celsius as this prevents any unwanted microbes growing |
| what are the three stages of drug testing? | tissue/ cells animals willing volunteers (often will be ill) |
| what is the gap between two neurones called? | synapse |
| how does a signal pass over a synapse? | - electrical impulse causes the neurone to create neurotransmitters - these diffuse across the gap - set off another electrical impulse in the new neurone - the neurotransmitter is then destroyed |
| what are the different parts of the reflex arc? | stimulus (e.g. bee sting) receptor (e.g. skin receptors) sensory neurone CNS (relay neurone) motor neurone effector (e.g. muscle) response (e.g. contracts) |
| what are the differences between nerves and hormones? | nerves: act faster/last for a shorter time/ precise area hormones: slower message/ lasts for a longer time/ more general effect |
| what are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? | stage 1 - bleeding starts as uterus wall breaks down (days 1 to 4) stage 2 - lining of uterus builds up again (days 4 to 14) stage 3 - egg develops and releases (day 14) stage 4 - uterus lining is maintained (days 14 to 28) |
| what are the three hormones involved in the menstrual cycle? | LH FSH Oestrogen |
| what do the three hormones do? | FSH - matures the egg/ stimulates oestrogen to be made Oestrogen - inhibits FSH/ stimulates LH to be made LH - releases egg from ovary |
| what is a hormone? | chemicals released directly into the blood |
| what is the main hormone in plants? | auxin |
| how does auxin affect growth in shoots? and in roots? | shoots - increases growth roots - inhibits growth |
| what are the three types of responses which auxin controls in a plant? | gravity (geotropism) moisture (hydrotropism) light (phototropism) |
| how is water lost through the body? | the SKIN as SWEAT in our BREATH via our LUNGS via the KIDNEYS in our URINE |
| what are the three main types of drugs? | recreational medicinal performance-enhancing |
| what are the arguments for and against performance-enhancing drugs? | FOR: it's their own decision/ drug-free sport isn't fair anyway (different coaches/ facilities) AGAINST: it gives them an advantage without training/ may not be informed about the health risks of the drugs |
| what are statins used for? | lowering the risk of heart and circulatory disease |
| how can you test how well a drug works? | create two groups one has new drug other has 'placebo' (sugar pill) compare results |
| how are drug trials often carried out? | they are always blind, and often double-blind so that neither the patient nor the doctor make conclusions based on their knowledge - consciously or subconsciously |
| why might people use recreational drugs? | enjoyment relaxation stress relief to get stoned inspiration |
| what are the issues involved with smoking? | can cause disease of the heart/lungs tobacco smoke causes cancer nicotine is addictive |
| what are the issues involved with drinking? | affects the nervous system - slows responses impaired judgement unconsciousness poor coordination addictive damages the liver/ brain |
| where are LH, FSH and Oestrogen made? | FSH/ LH - pituitary gland Oestrogen - ovaries |
| what are the processes involved with IVF? | FSH/LH given before to stimulate egg production eggs are collected from womb fertilised in a lab with sperm incubated and grown as embryos one or two transferred into uterus/womb (improves chance of pregnancy) |
| what does the body need to control? | ion content sugar content water content temperature |
| water loss on a cold day? | not sweating as much more urine produced pale colour (diluted) |
| water loss on a hot day? | sweat a lot less urine darker colour (more concentrated) |
| what was Thalidomide developed as? | sleeping pill/ curing Insomnia |
| what was Thalidomide used as instead? | curing morning sickness |
| what were the side effects of using Thalidomide as a morning sickness cure? | caused limb abnormalities |
| why had this side effect not been detected beforehand? | because it was not tested as use for curing morning sickness |
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