Course Terms

Question	Answer
“ism"	“ism”- an ideology or belief
Quantitative Research	Quantitative Research: The systematic empirical (observable, verifiable) investigation of social phenomena using STATISTICAL, MATHEMATICAL, or COMPUTATIONAL techniques
Qualitative research	Qualitative research: relies on in depth studies of small groups of people to guide and support the hypothesis This results in a descriptive research rather than the predictive research.
Critical Ethnography	- a process of asking questions critical of the status quo and society in general therefore having an interest in transformational politics, human rights, equity…etc
Paradigm Shift	A perspective change - definition: A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions
Three main sources of social change	- Invention: new products, ideas, and social patterns that affect the way people live - Discovery: Finding something that was previously unknown a culture. - Diffusion: spreading ideas and methods from one culture to another.
Enculturation	Process by which members of a culture learn and internalize shared ideas, values, and beliefs
Conflict theory	Karl Marx society exists purely in economic terms (Bourgeoisie Class vs Proletariat class) POWER holds a society together (wealth)
Feminist Theory	Explains the impact of sex and gender on behaviour - recognized the gender bias in society
Androcentricity	A bias that assumes the male experience is human experience and therefore applies to women
Functionalism	Beliefs and institutions in society meet the needs of a majority of its members
Symbolic Interactionalism	Choose how you act based on perceptions of yourself and of others
Exchange Theory	For someone to participate in a relationship, the rewards must outweigh the cots of involvement -balancing the “pros” and “cons” of a relationship
Learning Theory	People can learn by observing the behaviours of others and the outcomes of those behaviours
The Working Poor	People who's incomes fall below the given poverty line
Absolute Poverty	The actual needs of the poor - A family is poor of they cannot afford to eat
Relative Poverty	Lack what is normal for the society - lack resources to obtain lifestyle customary in the societies in which they belong
Socially Progressive	Places that make progress in the community (community focused)
LICO	Low Income Cut-Off Line determined by STAT Canada - any family spending at least 56% of its total income on necessities falls below the LICO
Demography	The science of vital social statistics as of the births, deaths. diseases, marriages…etc (demo - people, graph (study of)
Pre-Boomers	Pre 1950s - Television - Challenging Women’s traditional roles - The radio Ideals: Workcentric, Goal oriented Famous people: Marilyn Monroe, Elvis, Nelson Mandela. Betty White
Baby Boomers	1946-1964 - Suburbia - Counter-culture - Flower Children - Lived through the Cold War - Assassination of MLK and JFK Famous People: Madonna, Oprah, Johnny Depp, Robin Williams
Generation X	- 1964-1980 - Politics - MTV - Non-conformists - Family oriented Famous People: Princess Diana, Ms. Person, RDJ, Leo Decapps,
Gen Y	Gen Y: 1980’s - 2000 - OUR GEN! - Tech savvy (but not always all-knowing)
Fertility Rate	# of child births/1000 women
Cultural Mosaic	Mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures, that coexist within society.
Natural Decrease	When death rate is greater than birth rate
Refugee	Fleeing their home because of discrimination and/or war
Economical Immigration	A type of Immigration which the Canadian government favours
Point System	A system to assess eligibility of Immigration
DEVIANCE	Going outside the social norm
Labeling Theory:	“social reaction theory” Labelled = acting as “I am what you think I am”
Strain Theory:	The buzz before the change occurs The storm before the rainbow
Homogenization	the blending of peoples and culture
Deterritorialization	Cultures are no longer attached or in relative isolation to specific regions of the world.
Revitalization	Relationship between self and society - world system changes, outlook of society and self changes as well.
"Globalization is 2000 years old"	Richard Robertson
Disembedding	Disembedding - process by which people put their faith in abstract institutions (i.e. Financial institutions, airlines, oil companies…)
"Roots are not in distant history"	Anthony Giddens
"Even newer; end of the cold war and collapse of USSR in 1990"	Martin Albrow
Technology	An invention of new tools which makes the process of living easier. - The creation of tools or objects that both extend our natural abilities and alter our social environment
“Any technology or medium is an extension of some human quality”	Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980)
Cultural lag	Acceptance of new technology: invention, discovery and diffusion.
Invention	Combining elements and materials to form new ones (Material or social invention)
Discovery	Discovering a new way of reality (discovery/ timing initiate social change) - “Did you see how…”
Diffusion	Spread of discovery - store/place offering this item (i.e. Mexican restaurant)
Futureshock	Dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future.
Hyerculture	Deterioration of the family. Virtues of sacrifice, long term commitment, essential to effective parenthood become rare. Fundamental values are being blurred
Technosis	A sense of loss of self, a disconnection from culture in the absence of technology.
Hyperreality	“pictures of life” that represent, but also mask, true reality.
Anomie	When norms are WEAK or ABSENT, someone may feel lost
Control Theory	When someone has little connection to society pr the people within, they will not care about breaking the rules
Differential Association Theory	When people are associated with a deviant group, the are more likely to be deviant themselves.
Transnational Companies:	TNCs or MNC (Multinational) have such economic weight that they can threaten national governments when issues (poverty) is brought up.

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	Created by ShayMahoney over 9 years ago