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| Question | Answer |
| The Middle Class | Are more likely to participate in traditional religion because of their more conservative ideology |
| Marxism | Middle Class join religion : - For power: it is a source of social control - To justify the status quo (Marx) - To reinforce political ideology (Bruce) |
| Weber | Protestant Work Ethic- Modern day professionals such as Doctors or Lawyers could be linked to the Protestant work ethic. Their desire to succeed could lead them to be workaholics and religion can provide justification for their behaviour. |
| Stark and Bainbridge | Relative deprivation- The middle class don't lack material wealth, but emotional needs. NRMs and NAMs often provide this for them. E.g. Transcendental meditation and Scientology |
| Bruce | Middle Classes seek further personal development and NRMs and NAMs often provide this through the promise of products, experiences and self-improvement. E.g. yoga, reflexology, mindfulness. - Middle Class can afford to join NAMs |
| Postmodernism | Spiritual Supermarket- People can pick and Mix different aspects of religions that they think will improve their lives (Heelas) Middle classes have more time and money to spend on self-improvement and so have greater choice over their type of religious practice (Luckmann) |
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