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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 7 continents? Name them. | 1: Oceana (Australia) 2: Asia 3: Africa 4: Europe 5: North America 6: South America 7: Antarctica. |
| How many external territories does Australia have? Name them. (Anna had Christmas Carol not counting ashmore.) | 1) Australian Antarctic Territory 2) Territory of heard and McDonald Ranges 3) Territory of Christmas Island 4) Coral Sea Islands 5) Norfolk Islands 6) Territory of Cocos Islands 7) Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands. |
| What are Australia's six states? | 1: Queensland 2: NSW 3:Victoria 4: Northern Territory 5: South Australia 6: Western Australia |
| What are Australia's two territories? | 1: Australian Capital Territory- Canberra 2: Northern Territory- Darwin. |
| What is an Exclusive Economic Zone? | Australia's territorial maritime (sea) boundaries which extend 370 Kilometres out from the coastline of Australia. Australia has the rights to explore, exploit, conserve and manage all natural marine resources within the zone. |
| Which hemisphere is Australia located in? | The Southern Hemisphere. Which it shares with Africa, South America and Antarctica as well as many Islands. |
| What is the Dreamtime? | The history of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people tells of a Dreamtime when all things began. |
| What did the Dreamtime stories explain? | Explained how the world came to be, providing a basis for peoples spirituality. They also provided rules to live and sometimes warned of danger. |
| Why did some people have different Dreaming? What was the strong link between people? | The people spoke many different languages and had different customs. But the strong link between the people and their land was common to all. That the land provided everything they needed to survive, and connected them and all living things with their powerful ancestral beings. |
| Explain how Aboriginal people believed Australia was created. | That the ancestral beings of Indigenous people were believed to have emerged during the Dreamtime. They sang and created all landscapes and life forms. Some went back into the sky, others merged into landforms. According to belief they live today. |
| Explain Map Dreaming. | it is an important dreaming that is preserved today in the traditional paintings of Aboriginal artists and in their decorated artefacts. These paintings are like maps depicting the landscape and events of the dreaming from an aerial perspective. |
| What is Continental Drift? | The theory that describes how continents break away from and drifted from an original landmass. |
| What was the origional landmass called? And what were the two plates that split from that called? | The larger landmass was known as Pangea. Then Gondwana and Laurasia split away from that. |
| How many plates are there today? | There are 9 larger ones and about a dozen smaller ones. |
| What is continental drift. | When the plates slowly move, they break and move apart. Movements of molten rock known as convection currents casued th eplates to move slowly arouund the surface of the Earth. This is called the theory of continental drift. |
| How our mountains created? | When two plates collide, mountain ranges are formed by either folding or faulting. |
| What are fold mountains? | They form when one plate slides down under another. Some rocks are forced down while others are forced upwards and bent into wave-like forms. |
| What is a fault mountain? | Formed when layers of rock are fractured and one section moves down and another section moves up. |
| Explain the formation of the MacDonnell Ranges. | 600 million years ago the Northern Territory was covered by sea. Movements of the tectonic plates caused folding that formed the ranges. |
| How can mountains also be formed? | Mountains can also be formed by volcanic activity, which normally takes place around the margins of moving plates. |
| what are hot spot volcanoes? | Volcanoes that form in the middle of tectonic plates directly above the source of magma located deep beneath the Earth. |
| How old is Australia? | 4300 million years old. Australia is one of the oldest landmasses. |
| What was the ice age? | During the ice age, temperature's were much lower and vast amounts of water became trapped in ice sheets and glaciers. the sea level was 100 times lower then what it is today. After the ice age when temperatures rose again New Guine and Tasmania broke off the mainland Australia. |
| Why is Australia the lowest and flattest of all continents? | Because Australia is located in the centre of a tectonic plate, rather then at the edge. Australia has no active volcanoes on it's mainland and has very little tectonic lift from below. Therefore it experiences little volcanic and earthquake activity. Therefore it's raised landforms have been exposed to weathering forces longer than those of some other continents. |
| What are land bridges? | During the ice age the islands of Indonesia were closer together making it possible for the migrants to 'island hop' walk or catch a canoe their way to Australia. |
| How wide is Australia? | 4000 km wide |
| What are some forces that give landforms their present appearance? | Weathering, Mass movement, erosion and deposition. |
| Explain weathering. | Weathering is the breakdown of bare rock by water and temperature changes at the Earth's surface. This process converts solid rock into a layer of regolith, or broken rock and soil. |
| Explain Mass movement. | The gravitational movement of rock and soil down slope. |
| Explain Erosion. | Erosion is the weathering away of soil and rock by natural elements, such as water ice and wind. |
| Explain deposition. | When streams, glaciers and winds slow down, they deposit or 'drop' the load of rock, soil and particles they have been carrying. |
| What are the four major landforms that Australia can be divided into? | 1) The coastal plains 2) Eastern highlands 3) the Central Lowlands 4) Western Plateau. |
| What is Australia's largest river system? | The Murray- Darling. |
| Why does Australia have a wide range of climates? | due to it's size and location. |
| Why is Australia referred to as the 'dry continent'? | Australia has a rainfall of less than 600 mm per year and 50 peer cent has less than 300mm. The rainfall is not only low bit highly variable. |
| What is the main reason why Australia is s dry? | Much of the continent lies in an area dominated by high pressure for most of the year. ( Air particles close together) |
| Give two reasons why variations of temp occur in Australia? | Temperatures are higher at low latitudes (closer to the equator) because incoming solar radiation (heat from the sun) has smaller area of the earth to heat. Also, oceans have a moderating effect of the temperature. |
| Why does Australia have a large variety of plant and animal life? | Because of Australia's long geographical isolation from other continents. |
| What percentage of Australia's flora and fauna is found no where else in the world? | 80 per cent. |
| Why is most of the flora in Australia characterised by drought. | Due to generally low amounts of rainfall and it's unreliability. |
| What are marsupials? | Animals that have pouches in which they suckle and carry their young. |
| How many species of flora does Australia have? | 500 species most of which are endemic (they occur naturally in Australia and no where else in the world. |
| What has had a massive influence on Australia's variety of flora? | The climate. |
| What percentage of Australia is forest? | only 5 per cent. Most of which occurs along the wetter eastern coast and highlands areas. |
| Where are most of the worlds marsupials found? | In Australia. |
| What are Monotremes? | They are unique as they are the only mammals that lay eggs. eg: Plateaus |
| what has been a major cause for the loss of species in Australia? | Habitat destruction and degradation. |
| What are the 6 layers of the Earth? | 1) Inner core 2) Outer core 3) Mantle 4) Asthenosphere 5) Lithosphere 6) Crust |
| What are thee three types of boundaries? | 1) Convergent boundaries 2) divergent boundaries 3) Transform boundaries |
| What is a convergent boundary? And give an example of where one is located : Co, Eu. In | occurs where two plates are pushing toward each other. The boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate |
| What is a divergent boundary? And give an example of where one is loated Di/ Af Ar | Marks two plates that are moving apart from each other. The boundary between the African plate and the Arabian Plate |
| What is a transform boundary? And give an example of where one is located Tr. Pa. Au | occurs where two plates slide past each other. The boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Australian Plate |
| What are the most dramatic geological phenomena experienced on Earth and how are they caused? | Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis: caused by the slipping, sliding and colliding of tectonic plates. |
| What is a rift valley, and how is it caused? | When two plates diverge, a valley like rift develops. This rift is a dropped zone where the two plates are pulling apart. |
| What are the main faults that cause earthquakes? And how are they formed? | Transform boundaries and the resulting faults produce many earthquakes because edges of tectonic plates are jagged rather then smooth. As the pllates grind past eachother the plates lock together, a lot of stress builds up at the fault line. This stress is then released in quick bursts when the plates suddenly slip. |
| Definition: Continent | One of the seven great main landmasses on the Earth. |
| Definition: Continental Drift | The theory that describes how continents broke away and drifted from an original landmass. |
| Continental shelf | the part of a continent found under a shallow sea. |
| Definition: Dreaming | stories that describe the Dreamtime, a time in which Aboriginal peoples believe the Earth came to have it's presentt form and in which life and nature began. |
| Definition: Erosion | the wearing away of soil and rock by natural elements such as wind and water. |
| Definition: Ice age | A time which the Earth was colder, resulting in the expansion of glaciers and ice sheets and a fall in sea level. |
| Definition: Latitude | Location represented by imaginary lines drawn around the Earth from east to west, which shows the distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds. |
| Definition: Longitude | Location represented by imaginary lines drawn around the earth from north to south, which show the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees, minutes and seconds. |
| Definition: Sacred sites | places were important events in the Dreaming took place. |
| Definition: tectonic plates | The various slow-moving plates that make up the Earth's crust. Volcanoes and earthquakes often occur at the edge of plates. |
| Definition: Weathering | The breakdown of bare rock by water and temperature changes. |
| Definition: Climate | The long-term variation in the atmosphere relating mainly to temperature and precipitation. |
| Definition: Drainage Basin | The area of land that feeds a river with water, or the whole area of land drained by a river an its tributaries. |
| Explain drought | a prolonged period of below- average precipitation |
| Explain ecosystem | a system formed by the interactions between living organisms and physical elements of the environment. |
| Explain Endemic | native to a particular area found nowhere else. |
| explain marsupial | mammal that keeps and feeds its young in a pouch for a few months after birth. |
| explain monotreme | mammal that lay eggs, the only species are the platypus and the echidna |
| Explain monsoon | the seasonal change in wind direction that is experienced in much of the tropics. |
| What are Australia's states, and each of their capitals? | 1) Queensland- Brisbane 2) NSW- Sydney 3) Victoria- Melbourne 4) South Australia- Adelaide 5) Northern territory- Darwin 6) Western Australia- Perth 7) Tasmania- Hobart |
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